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Myanmar: Difference between revisions
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===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ||
In Myanmar, you can obtain birth control. According to a 2015 study, 52% of women in Myanmar (who are married or in unions) use | In Myanmar, you can obtain birth control. According to a 2015 study, 52% of women in Myanmar (who are married or in unions) use any form of contraception, including traditional methods like the rhythm method or withdrawal. The number of women using modern methods of contraception is about 40%.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2016/jun/16/rural-myanmar-desperate-need-family-planning-services-access-contraception Baby blues: rural Myanmar’s desperate need for family planning services]</ref> The most common modern methods are injectables (29.4%), the pill (12.3%), female sterilization (3.8%) and the IUD (2.2%).<ref>[http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/family/trendsContraceptiveUse2015Report.pdf Trends in Contraceptive Use Worldwide 2015]</ref> In 2013, UNFPA reported that one in four women in Myanmar do not have their family planning needs met.<ref>[http://myanmar.unfpa.org/news/unfpa-sponsored-family-planning-centers-yangon-proof-myanmar-commitments UNFPA-sponsored family planning centers in Yangon proof of Myanmar commitments]</ref> However, this number may have improved since 2013. | ||
While women in cities like Yangon and Mandalay have easy access to contraception, village women of Myanmar face additional hurdles. It is commonly believed that contraception goes against God's wishes and promotes promiscuity. Furthermore, sex education is not taught in Burmese schools, and sex before marriage is taboo. If a woman is having sex before marriage, the social stigma attached to her choices may discourage her from seeking out contraception. Village women often live in isolated environments that do not have easy access to nearby towns, and some dirt paths were washed away in past storms.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2016/jun/16/rural-myanmar-desperate-need-family-planning-services-access-contraception Baby blues: rural Myanmar’s desperate need for family planning services]</ref> | |||
In 2015, Myanmar introduced a family law that has been criticized as targeting Muslim minorities. According the law, signed by President Thein Sein, Myanmar's state or regional governments can now request a presidential order, which gives local authorities the power to "organize" when women have children (i.e. they can enforce gaps of 36 months between births). This legislation was driven by nationalist Buddhist monks who fear a growing Muslim population.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/25/burmas-birth-control-law-exposes-buddhist-fear-of-muslim-minority Burma's birth control law exposes Buddhist fear of Muslim minority]</ref> Among the parties that have expressed concern about the bill are the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. | In 2015, Myanmar introduced a family law that has been criticized as targeting Muslim minorities. According the law, signed by President Thein Sein, Myanmar's state or regional governments can now request a presidential order, which gives local authorities the power to "organize" when women have children (i.e. they can enforce gaps of 36 months between births). This legislation was driven by nationalist Buddhist monks who fear a growing Muslim population.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/25/burmas-birth-control-law-exposes-buddhist-fear-of-muslim-minority Burma's birth control law exposes Buddhist fear of Muslim minority]</ref> Among the parties that have expressed concern about the bill are the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. | ||
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===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ||
* Some of the '''birth control pills''' you can expect to see are Marvelon, Marvelon 28 and Microgynon ED, Exluton and Preme. | * Some of the '''birth control pills''' you can expect to see are Marvelon, Marvelon 28 and Microgynon ED, Exluton and Preme. | ||
* If you want '''contraceptive injectables''', you can find Contracep, Depo-Provera, Megestron and Norignon. | * If you want '''contraceptive injectables''', you can find Contracep, Depo-Provera, Megestron and Norignon. | ||
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Recommended pharmacies: | Recommended pharmacies: | ||
* Golden Valley Citymart - recommended by a Yangon local | * Golden Valley Citymart - recommended by a Yangon local | ||
* [https://www.internationalsos.com/locations/asia-pacific/myanmar International SOS Clinic Pharmacy] - should carry more international brands and staff speak many languages, including English, French, Japanese, and Burmese. | * [https://www.internationalsos.com/locations/asia-pacific/myanmar International SOS Clinic Pharmacy] - should carry more international brands and staff speak many languages, including English, French, Japanese, and Burmese. | ||
===Costs=== | ===Costs=== | ||
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===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ||
* In Myanmar, you can find EC at pharmacies and social marketing programs (e.g. PSI, DKT, MSI and PSIA). Some of the dedicated emergency contraception you can expect to see is Duet, ECee2, Pill 72, Postinor, Postinor-2 and Pregnon. For these brands, you should take 2 pills within 120 hours after unprotected sex. | * In Myanmar, you can find EC at pharmacies and social marketing programs (e.g. PSI, DKT, MSI and PSIA). Some of the dedicated emergency contraception you can expect to see is Duet, ECee2, Pill 72, Postinor, Postinor-2 and Pregnon. For these brands, you should take 2 pills within 120 hours after unprotected sex.<ref>[http://ec.princeton.edu/worldwide/ Princeton EC Website]</ref> | ||
* If you can't access dedicated emergency contraception, you can use some oral contraceptives (birth control pills) as replacement EC. To do, remember that, in 28-day packs, only the first 21 pills can be used. You can take FMP (take 2 pills within 120 hours after unprotected sex and take 2 more pills 12 hours later). You can also take Anna, Microgynon or Microgynon 30 ED (for all of these brands, take 4 pills within 120 hours after unprotected sex and take 4 more pills 12 hours later). | * If you can't access dedicated emergency contraception, you can use some oral contraceptives (birth control pills) as replacement EC. To do, remember that, in 28-day packs, only the first 21 pills can be used. You can take FMP (take 2 pills within 120 hours after unprotected sex and take 2 more pills 12 hours later). You can also take Anna, Microgynon or Microgynon 30 ED (for all of these brands, take 4 pills within 120 hours after unprotected sex and take 4 more pills 12 hours later).<ref>[http://ec.princeton.edu/worldwide/ Princeton EC Website]</ref> | ||
* For more information on EC options in Myanmar, you can visit the [http://ec.princeton.edu/ Princeton EC website]. | * For more information on EC options in Myanmar, you can visit the [http://ec.princeton.edu/ Princeton EC website]. | ||
* You can also get an IUD, which can prevent a pregnancy for up to 5 days after unprotected sex. | * You can also get an IUD, which can prevent a pregnancy for up to 5 days after unprotected sex. | ||
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Regarding HPV, as reported by HPV Information Centre, " Cervical cancer ranks as the 2nd most frequent cancer among women in Myanmar and the 1st most frequent cancer among women between 15 and 44 years of age. Data is not yet available on the HPV burden in the general population of Myanmar. However, in South-Eastern Asia, the region Myanmar belongs to, about 3.0% of women in the general population are estimated to harbour cervical HPV-16/18 infection at a given time, and 71.6% of invasive cervical cancers are attributed to HPVs 16 or 18."<ref>[http://www.hpvcentre.net/statistics/reports/MMR_FS.pdf Myanmar Human Papillomavirus and Related Cancers, Fact Sheet 2016]</ref> | Regarding HPV, as reported by HPV Information Centre, " Cervical cancer ranks as the 2nd most frequent cancer among women in Myanmar and the 1st most frequent cancer among women between 15 and 44 years of age. Data is not yet available on the HPV burden in the general population of Myanmar. However, in South-Eastern Asia, the region Myanmar belongs to, about 3.0% of women in the general population are estimated to harbour cervical HPV-16/18 infection at a given time, and 71.6% of invasive cervical cancers are attributed to HPVs 16 or 18."<ref>[http://www.hpvcentre.net/statistics/reports/MMR_FS.pdf Myanmar Human Papillomavirus and Related Cancers, Fact Sheet 2016]</ref> | ||
More information: | |||
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rmjk6-uHrQI 'Myanmar's neglected HIV/AIDS patients' - Al Jazeera Video Report from 2012] | |||
===Testing Facilities=== | ===Testing Facilities=== | ||