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Yangon: Difference between revisions
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===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ||
In Myanmar, you can obtain birth control. According to a 2015 study, 52% of women in Myanmar (who are married or in unions) use any form of contraception, including traditional methods like the rhythm method or withdrawal. The number of women using modern methods of contraception is | In Myanmar, you can obtain birth control. According to a 2015 study, 52% of women in Myanmar (who are married or in unions) use any form of contraception, including traditional methods like the rhythm method or withdrawal. The number of women using modern methods of contraception is estimated to be 40%<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2016/jun/16/rural-myanmar-desperate-need-family-planning-services-access-contraception Baby blues: rural Myanmar’s desperate need for family planning services]</ref> to 49%. The most common modern methods are injectables (29.4%), the pill (12.3%), female sterilization (3.8%) and the IUD (2.2%).<ref>[http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/family/trendsContraceptiveUse2015Report.pdf Trends in Contraceptive Use Worldwide 2015]</ref> In 2013, UNFPA reported that one in four women in Myanmar do not have their family planning needs met.<ref>[http://myanmar.unfpa.org/news/unfpa-sponsored-family-planning-centers-yangon-proof-myanmar-commitments UNFPA-sponsored family planning centers in Yangon proof of Myanmar commitments]</ref> However, this number may have improved since 2013. | ||
While women in cities like Yangon and Mandalay have easy access to contraception, women in rural areas face additional hurdles. It is commonly believed that contraception promotes promiscuity and is only meant for married women. Furthermore, sex education is not taught in Burmese schools, and sex before marriage is taboo. If a woman is having sex before marriage, the social stigma attached to her choices may discourage her from seeking out contraception. Village women often live in isolated environments that do not have easy access to nearby towns, and some dirt paths were washed away in past storms.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2016/jun/16/rural-myanmar-desperate-need-family-planning-services-access-contraception Baby blues: rural Myanmar’s desperate need for family planning services]</ref> | While women in cities like Yangon and Mandalay have easy access to contraception, women in rural areas face additional hurdles. It is commonly believed that contraception promotes promiscuity and is only meant for married women. Furthermore, sex education is not taught in Burmese schools, and sex before marriage is taboo. If a woman is having sex before marriage, the social stigma attached to her choices may discourage her from seeking out contraception. Village women often live in isolated environments that do not have easy access to nearby towns, and some dirt paths were washed away in past storms.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2016/jun/16/rural-myanmar-desperate-need-family-planning-services-access-contraception Baby blues: rural Myanmar’s desperate need for family planning services]</ref> | ||
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===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ||
* Some of the '''birth control pills''' you can expect to see are Marvelon, Marvelon 28 and Microgynon ED, Exluton, Preme, OK Pills (PSI), Lydia Rosa (DKT), and Sure Pills (MSI). | * Some of the '''birth control pills''' you can expect to see are Marvelon, Marvelon 28 and Microgynon ED, Exluton, Preme, OK Pills (PSI), Lydia Rosa (DKT), and Sure Pills (MSI). | ||
* If you want '''contraceptive injectables''', you can find Contracep, Depo-Provera, Megestron, Andalan and Norignon. | * If you want '''contraceptive injectables''', you can find Contracep, Depo-Provera, Megestron, Andalan and Norignon. | ||
* If you want a '''contraceptive implant''', you can find Jadelle (2 rod) or Implanon (single rod). | * If you want a '''contraceptive implant''', you can find Jadelle (2 rod) or Implanon (single rod). | ||
* Currently, only copper IUDs are widely available in Myanmar. Most common IUDs include the Copper T (10 year duration), Copper Y (lower-pain insertion, 5 year duration), Sleek or Multiload (5 year duration, smaller device ideal for women with smaller bodies or who have not experienced childbirth). Most hospitals with OBGYN departments offer insertion services. | * Currently, only copper IUDs are widely available in Myanmar. Most common IUDs include the Copper T (10 year duration), Copper Y (lower-pain insertion, 5 year duration), Sleek or Multiload (5 year duration, smaller device ideal for women with smaller bodies or who have not experienced childbirth). Most hospitals with OBGYN departments offer insertion services. Marie Stopes Myanmar Thingangyun Center can provide insertion for IUDs and Implants, as well as contaceptive injectables. | ||
Recommended pharmacies: | Recommended pharmacies: | ||
* Golden Valley Citymart - recommended by a Yangon local | * Golden Valley Citymart - recommended by a Yangon local | ||
* [https://www.internationalsos.com/locations/asia-pacific/myanmar International SOS Clinic Pharmacy] - should carry more international brands and staff speak many languages, including English, French, Japanese, and Burmese. | * [https://www.internationalsos.com/locations/asia-pacific/myanmar International SOS Clinic Pharmacy] - should carry more international brands and staff speak many languages, including English, French, Japanese, and Burmese. | ||
===Costs=== | ===Costs=== | ||
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===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ||
* In Myanmar, you can find EC at pharmacies, some convenience stores, and social marketing programs (e.g. PSI, DKT, MSI and PSIA). Some of the dedicated emergency contraception you can expect to see is Duet, ECee2, Pill 72, Postinor, Postinor-2, Pregnon, and Amor. For these brands, you should take 2 pills within 120 hours after unprotected sex. The are also single pill ECs available including 1SafePill, Norpill and Vonstrel 1.5. | * In Myanmar, you can find EC at pharmacies, some convenience stores, and social marketing programs (e.g. PSI, DKT, MSI and PSIA). Some of the dedicated emergency contraception you can expect to see is Duet, ECee2, Pill 72, Postinor, Postinor-2, Pregnon, and Amor. For these brands, you should take 2 pills within 120 hours after unprotected sex. The are also single pill ECs available including 1SafePill, Norpill and Vonstrel 1.5.<ref>[http://ec.princeton.edu/worldwide/ Princeton EC Website]</ref> | ||
* If you can't access dedicated emergency contraception, you can use some oral contraceptives (birth control pills) as replacement EC. To do, remember that, in 28-day packs, only the first 21 pills can be used. You can take FMP (take 2 pills within 120 hours after unprotected sex and take 2 more pills 12 hours later). You can also take Anna, Microgynon or Microgynon 30 ED (for all of these brands, take 4 pills within 120 hours after unprotected sex and take 4 more pills 12 hours later). | * If you can't access dedicated emergency contraception, you can use some oral contraceptives (birth control pills) as replacement EC. To do, remember that, in 28-day packs, only the first 21 pills can be used. You can take FMP (take 2 pills within 120 hours after unprotected sex and take 2 more pills 12 hours later). You can also take Anna, Microgynon or Microgynon 30 ED (for all of these brands, take 4 pills within 120 hours after unprotected sex and take 4 more pills 12 hours later).<ref>[http://ec.princeton.edu/worldwide/ Princeton EC Website]</ref> | ||
* For more information on EC options in Myanmar, you can visit the [http://ec.princeton.edu/ Princeton EC website]. | * For more information on EC options in Myanmar, you can visit the [http://ec.princeton.edu/ Princeton EC website]. | ||
* You can also get an IUD, which can prevent a pregnancy for up to 5 days after unprotected sex. | * You can also get an IUD, which can prevent a pregnancy for up to 5 days after unprotected sex. | ||
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Regarding HPV, as reported by HPV Information Centre, "Cervical cancer ranks as the 2nd most frequent cancer among women in Myanmar and the 1st most frequent cancer among women between 15 and 44 years of age. Data is not yet available on the HPV burden in the general population of Myanmar. However, in South-Eastern Asia, the region Myanmar belongs to, about 3.0% of women in the general population are estimated to harbour cervical HPV-16/18 infection at a given time, and 71.6% of invasive cervical cancers are attributed to HPVs 16 or 18."<ref>[http://www.hpvcentre.net/statistics/reports/MMR_FS.pdf Myanmar Human Papillomavirus and Related Cancers, Fact Sheet 2016]</ref> | Regarding HPV, as reported by HPV Information Centre, "Cervical cancer ranks as the 2nd most frequent cancer among women in Myanmar and the 1st most frequent cancer among women between 15 and 44 years of age. Data is not yet available on the HPV burden in the general population of Myanmar. However, in South-Eastern Asia, the region Myanmar belongs to, about 3.0% of women in the general population are estimated to harbour cervical HPV-16/18 infection at a given time, and 71.6% of invasive cervical cancers are attributed to HPVs 16 or 18."<ref>[http://www.hpvcentre.net/statistics/reports/MMR_FS.pdf Myanmar Human Papillomavirus and Related Cancers, Fact Sheet 2016]</ref> | ||
More information: | |||
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rmjk6-uHrQI 'Myanmar's neglected HIV/AIDS patients' - Al Jazeera Video Report from 2012] | |||
===Testing Facilities=== | ===Testing Facilities=== | ||
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===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ||
In Myanmar, pads are easier to find than tampons. Local women say that you can find tampons at City Mart, Market Place in Golden Valley, Market Place at Myanmar Plaza and Orange Supermarkets. While menstrual cups are not widely available, you may be able to purchase Lunette from [https://www.liveloveluna.com/ liveloveluna] and have it shipped to Myanmar. There are no official sellers of most major menstrual cup brands (that we know of) in Myanmar, such as DivaCup, MoonCup, LadyCup, etc. | In Myanmar, pads are easier to find than tampons. Local women say that you can find tampons at Taw Win Centre on Pyay Road (in the downstairs area), City Mart, Market Place in Golden Valley, Market Place at Myanmar Plaza and Orange Supermarkets. While menstrual cups are not widely available, you may be able to purchase Lunette from [https://www.liveloveluna.com/ liveloveluna] and have it shipped to Myanmar. There are no official sellers of most major menstrual cup brands (that we know of) in Myanmar, such as DivaCup, MoonCup, LadyCup, etc. | ||
===Costs=== | ===Costs=== | ||
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* Sakura Medical Centre: 23 Shin Saw Pu Road, Sanchaung Township, Yangon, Phone: (01) 510079 or 510186. | * Sakura Medical Centre: 23 Shin Saw Pu Road, Sanchaung Township, Yangon, Phone: (01) 510079 or 510186. | ||
* Home Medicare Service Clinic: No. 30 Shwe Taung Tan Street, Lanmadaw, Phone: (01) 225791 or 707748. | * Home Medicare Service Clinic: No. 30 Shwe Taung Tan Street, Lanmadaw, Phone: (01) 225791 or 707748. | ||
* Marie Stopes Myanmar Thingganyun Center SH-B1/14A Yadana Rd, Thingangyun Center Phone: (09) 7322 4606 - Has English speaking providers which comply to international standards. In addition to cervical cancer screening, they can also offer Cryotherapy. | |||
====Hospitals==== | ====Hospitals==== | ||
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* [http://womenofburma.org/programs/women-against-violence/ Women Against Violence]: "Since 2005, the Women Against Violence Program has organized hundreds of community discussions and open dialogue sessions in ethnic areas inside Burma and around its borders. These exchanges bring between 3,000 -4,000 men and women together per year to discuss violence against women and how to end the cycle of violence in their communities. In many areas these discussions were the first time the issue of Domestic Violence had been addressed publicly." | * [http://womenofburma.org/programs/women-against-violence/ Women Against Violence]: "Since 2005, the Women Against Violence Program has organized hundreds of community discussions and open dialogue sessions in ethnic areas inside Burma and around its borders. These exchanges bring between 3,000 -4,000 men and women together per year to discuss violence against women and how to end the cycle of violence in their communities. In many areas these discussions were the first time the issue of Domestic Violence had been addressed publicly." | ||
* [http://www.colorsrainbow.com/advocacy/ Colors Rainbow - Advocacy]: "Colors Rainbow organizes community events such as International Day Against Homophobia and Transgender Day of Remembrance with other LGBT groups around country." | |||
* [http://www.lrcmyanmar.org/en/cso-database/2320 Sex Worker in Myanmar Network]: Telephone: 09-43200489, Contact Email (ဆက္သြယ္ရန္အီးေမးလ္လိပ္စာ). Email: swimnetwork2011@gmail.com, thwn428@gmail, | |||
===Costs=== | ===Costs=== | ||
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* Women's Organizations Network of Myanmar: Contact Address hide (ဆက္သြယ္ရန္လိပ္စာ), Building 11, Room 3(A), 2nd Floor, Sen Yeik Nyein 2 Street, Kamaryurt Township. Telephone: 09 430 23325. Contact Email (ဆက္သြယ္ရန္အီးေမးလ္လိပ္စာ). Email: won.myanmar@gmail.com | * Women's Organizations Network of Myanmar: Contact Address hide (ဆက္သြယ္ရန္လိပ္စာ), Building 11, Room 3(A), 2nd Floor, Sen Yeik Nyein 2 Street, Kamaryurt Township. Telephone: 09 430 23325. Contact Email (ဆက္သြယ္ရန္အီးေမးလ္လိပ္စာ). Email: won.myanmar@gmail.com | ||
* [https://www.trocaire.org/whatwedo/wherewework/myanmar Trócaire Myanmar]: "Trócaire’s work in Myanmar focuses on humanitarian response, peace building, gender equality, and land rights." | * [https://www.trocaire.org/whatwedo/wherewework/myanmar Trócaire Myanmar]: "Trócaire’s work in Myanmar focuses on humanitarian response, peace building, gender equality, and land rights." | ||
* [https://www.facebook.com/myanmarlgbt/ Myanmar LGBT Org]: "For Gays, Lesbians, Bisexuals and Transgender which is the one following Human Rights!" | |||
* [http://www.colorsrainbow.com/ Colors Rainbow]: "Colors Rainbow (CRB) began as a specific LGBT project of the NGO Equality Myanmar (EQMM) in 2007, and has since grown into Myanmar’s leading LGBT rights organization." | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||