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Moscow: Difference between revisions
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{{setLocation | {{setLocation | ||
|Country=Russia | |Country=Russia | ||
|City=Moscow | |City=Moscow | ||
}} | }} | ||
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'''OVERVIEW''' | '''OVERVIEW''' | ||
As the capital of Russia, you will find many health care resources in Moscow. Contraception is widely available and | As the capital of Russia, you will find many health care resources in Moscow. Contraception is widely available; birth control pills and condoms be purchased without a prescription. Emergency contraception requires a prescription yet appears informally available without one. You can receive STI/STD tests at many facilities, though you should be aware that foreigners who apply for long-term residency are expected to be HIV-negative (reports on the enforcement of this policy vary). There are some international hospitals and clinics, such as European Medical Center (EMC), that are widely used by foreigners. Abortion is legal for the first 12 weeks of gestation in Russia, and Russia has the highest per capita rate of abortions in the world. While abortion services at public hospitals are notably cheaper (and often free), the private hospitals will be more closely aligned with current medical standards (as advocated by WHO) and operate in more efficient manners. | ||
==Contraception (Birth Control)== | ==Contraception (Birth Control)== | ||
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===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ||
In Russia, you can obtain birth control pills without a prescription. | In Russia, you can obtain birth control pills and condoms without a prescription. | ||
In 2015, it was estimated that about 69% of Russian women (who were married/in unions and between ages 15 to 49) used any form of contraception, including traditional methods, and that about 10% of Russian women had unmet family planning needs. The most common forms of contraception for Russian women were the usage of male condoms with their partners (about 26%), IUDs (about 14%), and birth control pills (about 13%). The most common traditional method was withdrawal (about 12% of women) while the rhythm method was much less common (about 1%). There were low rates of usage for vaginal barrier methods (about 2%), female sterilization (about 1%), and practically no usage of contraceptive implants (0.0%) and contraceptive injectables (0.0%). | |||
Generally speaking, sex education remains very low in Russia, contributing to limited knowledge of contraceptive methods. Sex education is not compulsory in Russian public schools. It's estimated that only 5% of Russian teens have been educated on contraception and family planning.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women's_reproductive_health_in_Russia Women's Reproductive Health In Russia]</ref> | |||
Fortunately, contraception is becoming a more dominant method in Russian society. In 2003, the NYTimes reported, "For 50 years, Russian women relied on state-financed abortions as their main form of birth control. With pills, condoms and other contraceptives often in short supply, most women in Russia expected to face at least one and sometimes more than a dozen trips to the abortion clinic over their childbearing years. Now the Russian government is attempting to slow the abortion rate. It is an admirable goal, given the toll that multiple abortions have taken on the health and fertility of Russia's women."<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/02/opinion/birth-control-in-russia.html Birth Control in Russia]</ref> | Fortunately, contraception is becoming a more dominant method in Russian society. In 2003, the NYTimes reported, "For 50 years, Russian women relied on state-financed abortions as their main form of birth control. With pills, condoms and other contraceptives often in short supply, most women in Russia expected to face at least one and sometimes more than a dozen trips to the abortion clinic over their childbearing years. Now the Russian government is attempting to slow the abortion rate. It is an admirable goal, given the toll that multiple abortions have taken on the health and fertility of Russia's women."<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/02/opinion/birth-control-in-russia.html Birth Control in Russia]</ref> | ||
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====Dedicated Emergency Contraception==== | ====Dedicated Emergency Contraception==== | ||
[[File:Escapelle russia.jpg|200px | thumb|left|frame|'''Escapelle emergency contraception, purchased in Russia for 630 rubles''']] | |||
You can also find these progestin only brands. You should take 2 pills within 120 hours after unprotected sex. | * In Russia, if you want dedicated emergency contraception that's anti-progestin, you'll find some of these pill brands. You should take 1 pill within 120 hours after unprotected sex. Here are the brands: Agesta, Gynepriston, Mifepristone 72 and Negele.<ref>[http://ec.princeton.edu/worldwide/ Princeton EC Website]</ref> | ||
* If you want dedicated emergency contraception that's progestin only, you'll find some of these pill brands. You should take 1 pill within 120 hours after unprotected sex. Here are the brands: Escapelle, Escinor 1.5<ref>[http://ec.princeton.edu/worldwide/ Princeton EC Website]</ref> | |||
* You can also find these progestin only brands. You should take 2 pills within 120 hours after unprotected sex. Here are the brands: Escinor 0.75, Postinor.<ref>[http://ec.princeton.edu/worldwide/ Princeton EC Website]</ref> | |||
====Oral Contraceptives Used as EC==== | ====Oral Contraceptives Used as EC==== | ||
If you can't access dedicated emergency contraception, you can also use normal contraceptives (i.e. birth control pills) as replacement emergency contraception. To do this, you take progestin-only oral contraceptives. For these brands, take 50 pills within 120 hours after unprotected sex. | * If you can't access dedicated emergency contraception, you can also use normal contraceptives (i.e. birth control pills) as replacement emergency contraception. To do this, you take progestin-only oral contraceptives. For these brands, take 50 pills within 120 hours after unprotected sex. Here are the brands: Microlut<ref>[http://ec.princeton.edu/worldwide/ Princeton EC Website]</ref> | ||
* | * If you have progestin-estrogen combined pills, take 2 pills within 120 hours after unprotected sex and take 2 more pills 12 hours later. Note that only the first 21 pills can be used. Here are the brands: Ovidon<ref>[http://ec.princeton.edu/worldwide/ Princeton EC Website]</ref> | ||
If you have progestin-estrogen combined pills, take 2 pills within 120 hours after unprotected sex and take 2 more pills 12 hours later. Note that only the first 21 pills can be used. | * For these brands, take 4 pills within 120 hours after unprotected sex and take 4 more pills 12 hours later. Note that only the first 21 pills can be used: Microgynon, Minisiston, Rigevidon<ref>[http://ec.princeton.edu/worldwide/ Princeton EC Website]</ref> | ||
* | |||
For these brands, take 4 pills within 120 hours after unprotected sex and take 4 more pills 12 hours later. Note that only the first 21 pills can be used | |||
===Costs=== | ===Costs=== | ||
You can expect to pay € 7 – 10 for dedicated emergency contraception. | You can expect to pay € 7 – 10 for dedicated emergency contraception. Escapelle is 630 rubles (about €10 as of February 2017). | ||
==Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs/STDs)== | ==Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs/STDs)== | ||
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===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ||
On January 1 2017, President Vladmir Putin announced the establishment of a national HIV registry. The government claims that the registry is not mandatory, but people may need to be registered in order to receive their HIV treatment. Although other countries have some form of HIV registry, including the USA, activists in Russia worry about this registry falling into the wrong hands. Tor read more about the registry, click [https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/how-russias-new-hiv-registry-puts-women-in-danger?utm_source=vicefbus here] and [http://www.hivequal.org/hiv-equal-online/russia-s-plan-to-combat-hiv-a-national-hiv-registry here]. | |||
If you are a tourist visiting Russia, there are no restrictions imposed based on your STI status. However, if you are applying to be long-term stay (i.e. over 3 months), and if you want a student or worker visa, you will probably be required to take some tests. If you test negative for HIV, you will be given an "HIV Certificate" that verifies that you're HIV-negative. If you test positive for HIV or TB, you may be expelled from the country. However, as reported by HIVTravel, "According to the feedback we received from a number of EU citizens, an HIV test is not required in order to apply for a work permit or a multy entry visa. We have no evidence that Russia has changed its policy. There might be a softening of requirements for citizens of specific countries."<ref>[http://www.hivtravel.org/Default.aspx?PageId=143&CountryId=149 RUSSIA - REGULATIONS ON ENTRY, STAY AND RESIDENCE FOR PLHIV]</ref> | If you are a tourist visiting Russia, there are no restrictions imposed based on your STI status. However, if you are applying to be long-term stay (i.e. over 3 months), and if you want a student or worker visa, you will probably be required to take some tests. If you test negative for HIV, you will be given an "HIV Certificate" that verifies that you're HIV-negative. If you test positive for HIV or TB, you may be expelled from the country. However, as reported by HIVTravel, "According to the feedback we received from a number of EU citizens, an HIV test is not required in order to apply for a work permit or a multy entry visa. We have no evidence that Russia has changed its policy. There might be a softening of requirements for citizens of specific countries."<ref>[http://www.hivtravel.org/Default.aspx?PageId=143&CountryId=149 RUSSIA - REGULATIONS ON ENTRY, STAY AND RESIDENCE FOR PLHIV]</ref> | ||
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* AIDS Infoshare: American organization in Moscow providing support and information on HIV and AIDS (in English and Russian) | * AIDS Infoshare: American organization in Moscow providing support and information on HIV and AIDS (in English and Russian) | ||
* Positive News (in Russian) | * Positive News (in Russian) | ||
* [http://evanetwork.ru/en/ E.V.A.]: "NP E.V.A. is the first non-governmental network organization in Russian that was established to protect women who are affected by the HIV epidemic and other socially significant diseases. E.V.A.’s mission is to improve the quality of life of women who live with socially significant diseases." The group is also a member of the World Hepatitis Alliance. E.V.A.'s Helpline: +7 921 913 03 04. On weekdays, from 10.00 to 19.00. Email: office@evanetwork.ru | |||
===Costs=== | ===Costs=== | ||
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==List of Additional Resources== | ==List of Additional Resources== | ||
* | |||
* [http://amnesty.org.ru/ Amnesty International Russia]: Email: msk@amnesty.org. | * [http://amnesty.org.ru/ Amnesty International Russia]: Email: msk@amnesty.org. | ||
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|title=Gynopedia | |title=Gynopedia | ||
|titlemode=append | |titlemode=append | ||
|keywords=moscow, russia, contraception, emergency contraception, std test, sti test, treatment, medications, pharmacies, abortion, clinic, tampons, women's health | |keywords=moscow, russia, contraception, birth control, emergency contraception, morning after pill, std test, sti test, hiv, treatment, medications, pharmacies, abortion, clinic, tampons, women's health | ||
|description=Find sexual, reproductive and women's health care in Moscow. | |description=Find sexual, reproductive and women's health care in Moscow. | ||
}} | }} | ||