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Haiti: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Flag of Haiti.svg.png|450px | thumb|right|alt=Image provided by Creative Commons.|]]
[[File:Flag of Haiti.svg.png|450px | thumb|right|alt=Image provided by Creative Commons.|]]
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'''OVERVIEW''' <br>
'''OVERVIEW''' <br>
Generally speaking, Haiti struggles with having the reputation as the poorest country in Western hemisphere and its turmoils have been compounded in 2010 and 2016 by disastrous earthquakes and hurricanes. This has left the country in need of international aid and a devastating lack of resources. This has obviously had a dramatic effect on sexual, reproductive and women's health care needs throughout the country. Though Port-au-Prince has more civil resources available than many of the countries more rural areas, there is still undoubtedly a lot of improvement to be made in these areas. Some of the issues include the lack of availability of contraception, overpriced feminine hygiene products, lack of proper medical facilities,  unaffordable and outdated hospitals, a high rate of HIV infection and an alarming rate of sexual abuse against women<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_violence_in_Haiti</ref>. Additionally, abortion is completely illegal and there is little help from government organizations to curb the STI infection rate and lack of education on family planning.
In Haiti, women face significant challenges in accessing comprehensive sexual and reproductive health. The country struggles with having the reputation as the poorest country in Western hemisphere and its turmoils have been compounded by disastrous earthquakes and hurricanes in recent years. This has left the country in need of international aid and a devastating lack of resources. This has obviously had a dramatic effect on sexual, reproductive and women's health care needs throughout the country. Though Port-au-Prince has more civil resources available than many of the countries more rural areas, there is still undoubtedly a lot of improvement to be made in these areas. Some of the issues include the lack of availability of contraception, overpriced feminine hygiene products, lack of proper medical facilities,  unaffordable and outdated hospitals, a high rate of HIV infection and an alarming rate of sexual abuse against women<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_violence_in_Haiti Sexual Violence in Haiti]</ref>. Additionally, abortion is completely illegal and there is little help from government organizations to curb the STI infection rate and lack of education on family planning. Historically, women's rights are not a high priority for the Haitian government. As of 2016, not a single woman holds a seat in the senate of Haiti.<ref>[http://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/haiti/article55358850.html No women in new Haitian parliament]</ref>


==Contraception (Birth Control)== <!--T:2-->
==Contraception (Birth Control)== <!--T:2-->


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[[File:Condoms portauprince haiti copy.jpg|300px | thumb|left|frame|'''Condoms for sale in Port-au-Prince''']]
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'''General Note:''' There are many types of contraceptives, also known as "birth control," including IUDs, oral contraceptives, patches, shots, and condoms, etc. If you would like to view a full list, click [https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control here].
'''General Note:''' There are many types of contraceptives, also known as "birth control," including IUDs, oral contraceptives, patches, shots, and condoms, etc. If you would like to view a full list, click [https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control here].


===Laws & Social Stigmas=== <!--T:4-->
===Laws & Social Stigmas=== <!--T:5-->
In Haiti, a staggeringly low rate of 37.8% of women between the ages of 15 and 49 report using any kind of contraception at all with an overwhelming majority of them opting for the contraceptive injection. This is the lowest rate of any Caribbean country.<ref>http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/family/trendsContraceptiveUse2015Report.pdf</ref> Because of this, it is critical that local residents who are sexually active do there best to get tested and use condoms as much as possible.


===What to Get & Where to Get It=== <!--T:5-->
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Despite the fact that Haiti has a long history with oral contraceptives<ref>[http://ethique-tic.fr/2013/wp-content/uploads/1/2013/02/JunodMarks-pill02.pdf Women’s Trials: The Approval of the First Oral Contraceptive Pill in the United States and Great Britain]</ref>, the country has a staggeringly low rate of 37.8% of women between the ages of 15 and 49 report using any kind of contraception at all. This is the lowest rate of any Caribbean country. An overwhelming majority of women that do use birth control opt for the contraceptive injection.<ref>[http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/family/trendsContraceptiveUse2015Report.pdf Trends in Contraceptive Use 2015]</ref> There have been multiple campaigns with mixed results to raise awareness for the use of contraceptives. Many women are raised in a conservative Christian families and don't want to admit that they are having premarital sex, so discussions about birth control are not likely to be widely discussed by most Haitians, especially amongst the youth. <ref>[http://pulitzercenter.org/reporting/family-planning-delicate-subject-haiti Family Planning is a Delicate Subject in Haiti]</ref>


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===What to Get & Where to Get It=== <!--T:6-->
 
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* For a comprehensive list of all available hormonal contraceptive available in the country, visit the [http://contraceptive.ippf.org/search?search.searchtext=&search.component=&search.countrycode=HT Haiti IPPF page].
* For a comprehensive list of all available hormonal contraceptive available in the country, visit the [http://contraceptive.ippf.org/search?search.searchtext=&search.component=&search.countrycode=HT Haiti IPPF page].
* '''Condoms''' can be purchased at larger retailers but more difficult to find at smaller businesses.  
* '''Condoms''' can be purchased at larger retailers but more difficult to find at smaller businesses.  
* According to the International Planned Parenthood Federation, there are over 20 types of '''hormonal contraceptive pills (birth control pills)''' available. Most that are available are phasic and combined oral pills, but there is also a wide variety of hormonal implants available. There is only one hormonal IUD available by the name of "Mirena." The contraceptive ring (Nuva Ring) does not seem to available for purchase in Haiti.<ref>http://contraceptive.ippf.org/search IPPF</ref>
* According to the International Planned Parenthood Federation, there are over 20 types of '''hormonal contraceptive pills (birth control pills)''' available. Most that are available are phasic and combined oral pills, but there is also a wide variety of hormonal implants available. There is only one hormonal IUD available by the name of "Mirena." The contraceptive ring (Nuva Ring) does not seem to available for purchase in Haiti.<ref>[http://contraceptive.ippf.org/search?search.searchtext=&search.component=&search.countrycode=HT IPFF - Haiti]</ref>
* You may be able to find '''contraceptive injectables''', like Depo-Provera SAS 150mg/ml, Mesigyna, Mesigyna Instayect and Noristerat, according to IPFF.<ref>[http://contraceptive.ippf.org/search?search.searchtext=&search.component=&search.countrycode=HT IPFF - Haiti]</ref>
* You may be able to find '''contraceptive injectables''', like Depo-Provera SAS 150mg/ml, Mesigyna, Mesigyna Instayect and Noristerat, according to IPFF.<ref>[http://contraceptive.ippf.org/search?search.searchtext=&search.component=&search.countrycode=HT IPFF - Haiti]</ref>
* You may be able to find '''contraceptive implants''', like Implanon and Jadelle, according to IPFF.<ref>[http://contraceptive.ippf.org/search?search.searchtext=&search.component=&search.countrycode=HT IPFF - Haiti]</ref>
* You may be able to find '''contraceptive implants''', like Implanon and Jadelle, according to IPFF.<ref>[http://contraceptive.ippf.org/search?search.searchtext=&search.component=&search.countrycode=HT IPFF - Haiti]</ref>


===Costs=== <!--T:7-->
===Costs=== <!--T:8-->
KORE, loosely translated, means "I've got your back" in Haitian Creole, is a brand of condom that became available in Haiti in 2013. The company aimed to provide a widely available and much more affordable condom for the people of Haiti. <ref>http://edition.cnn.com/2013/05/29/health/haiti-condom-donation</ref>
KORE, loosely translated, means "I've got your back" in Haitian Creole, is a brand of condom that became available in Haiti in 2013. The company aimed to provide a widely available and much more affordable condom for the people of Haiti. <ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2013/05/29/health/haiti-condom-donation Haiti Condom Donation]</ref> A pack of 3 brand name condoms usually costs somewhere between 200-300 gourde.


==Emergency Contraception (Morning After Pill)== <!--T:8-->
==Emergency Contraception (Morning After Pill)== <!--T:9-->


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'''Important Notes:''' Emergency contraception may prevent pregnancy for three days (72 hours) and sometimes five days (120 hours) after unprotected sex. Take EC '''as soon as possible''' after unprotected sex. If you don't have access to dedicated EC, oral contraceptives can be used as replacement EC, but remember the following: 1) Only some contraceptives work as EC 2) Different contraceptives require different dosages and time schedules to work as EC 3) You must only use the first 21 pills in 28-day packs and 4) They may be less effective than dedicated EC. For general information on emergency contraceptives, click [https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/morning-after-pill-emergency-contraception here] and [http://ec.princeton.edu/info/ecp.html here].
'''Important Notes:''' Emergency contraception may prevent pregnancy for three days (72 hours) and sometimes five days (120 hours) after unprotected sex. Take EC '''as soon as possible''' after unprotected sex. If you don't have access to dedicated EC, oral contraceptives can be used as replacement EC, but remember the following: 1) Only some contraceptives work as EC 2) Different contraceptives require different dosages and time schedules to work as EC 3) You must only use the first 21 pills in 28-day packs and 4) They may be less effective than dedicated EC. For general information on emergency contraceptives, click [https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/morning-after-pill-emergency-contraception here] and [http://ec.princeton.edu/info/ecp.html here].


===Laws & Social Stigmas=== <!--T:10-->
===Laws & Social Stigmas=== <!--T:11-->
The morning after pill is not widely available over the counter in Port-au-Prince. If it can be found, it is likely imported and will contain instructions in a foreign language which may render the product useless.<ref>http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/09/opinion/sunday/haitis-silenced-victims.html New York Times</ref> If you are in need of emergency contraception in Haiti, you have the option of taking larger doses of regular hormonal birth control instead of the morning after pill.<ref>http://ec.princeton.edu/countryquery.asp</ref>
The morning after pill is rarely available over the counter in Port-au-Prince. If it can be found, it is likely imported and will contain instructions in a foreign language which may render the product useless.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/09/opinion/sunday/haitis-silenced-victims.html Haiti's Silenced Victims]</ref> If you are in need of emergency contraception in Haiti, you have the option of taking larger doses of regular hormonal birth control instead of the morning after pill.<ref>[http://ec.princeton.edu/ Princeton EC Website]</ref>


===What to Get & Where to Get It=== <!--T:11-->
===What to Get & Where to Get It=== <!--T:12-->


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'''Note:''' The longest-lasting EC is currently [http://www.ellaone.com/ ellaOne]. It lasts up to 5 days (120 hours) after unprotected sex. Check to see if your country carries ellaOne. If your country doesn't carry ellaOne, copper IUDs may also prevent pregnancy up to 5 days after unprotected sex. If none of these options are available, and it's been over 3 days since you had unprotected sex, you can still take EC, which may work up to 5 days. Note that EC pills are not 100% effective and should be taken as soon as possible.
'''Note:''' The longest-lasting EC is currently [http://www.ellaone.com/ ellaOne]. It lasts up to 5 days (120 hours) after unprotected sex. Check to see if your country carries ellaOne. If your country doesn't carry ellaOne, copper IUDs may also prevent pregnancy up to 5 days after unprotected sex. If none of these options are available, and it's been over 3 days since you had unprotected sex, you can still take EC, which may work up to 5 days. Note that EC pills are not 100% effective and should be taken as soon as possible.


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The following is a list of available oral Contraceptives used for emergency contraception (Progestin Only)<ref>http://ec.princeton.edu/index.html</ref>
The following is a list of available oral Contraceptives used for emergency contraception (Progestin Only)<ref>[http://ec.princeton.edu/ Princeton EC Website]</ref>
  Take 40 pills within 120 hours after unprotected sex:
  Take 40 pills within 120 hours after unprotected sex:
  Ovrette
  Ovrette
Line 57: Line 66:
  Nordette
  Nordette


===Costs=== <!--T:14-->
===Costs=== <!--T:15-->


==Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs/STDs)== <!--T:15-->
==Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs/STDs)== <!--T:16-->


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'''Important Notes - Learn about PEP and PrEP:''' If you think that you've been recently exposed to HIV (i.e. within 72 hours), seek out PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis). It's a month-long treatment to prevent HIV infection after exposure, and it may be available in your city. Take PEP as soon as possible. For more information, click [https://www.aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/prevention/reduce-your-risk/post-exposure-prophylaxis/ here]. If you are at risk of HIV exposure, seek out PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis). It's a daily oral pill that can prevent HIV infection before exposure. To learn more about PrEP, click [http://www.whatisprep.org/ here].
'''Important Notes - Learn about PEP and PrEP:''' If you think that you've been recently exposed to HIV (i.e. within 72 hours), seek out PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis). It's a month-long treatment to prevent HIV infection after exposure, and it may be available in your city. Take PEP as soon as possible. For more information, click [https://www.aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/prevention/reduce-your-risk/post-exposure-prophylaxis/ here]. If you are at risk of HIV exposure, seek out PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis). It's a daily oral pill that can prevent HIV infection before exposure. To learn more about PrEP, click [http://www.whatisprep.org/ here].


===Laws & Social Stigmas=== <!--T:17-->
===Laws & Social Stigmas=== <!--T:18-->
Haiti has a 1.8 percent prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS, among the highest percentage-wise in the Caribbean region (behind the Bahamas, and Belize). However, it has the most overall cases of HIV/AIDS in the Caribbean region with an estimated 120,000 HIV/AIDS-positive Haitians.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Haiti</ref>
Haiti has a 1.8 percent prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS, among the highest percentage-wise in the Caribbean region (behind the Bahamas, and Belize). However, it has the most overall cases of HIV/AIDS in the Caribbean region with an estimated 120,000 HIV/AIDS-positive Haitians.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Haiti HIV/AIDS in Haiti]</ref> One of the best ways to avoid contracting HIV and other STIs is to regularly using condoms. Contact the International Planned Parenthood Federation to inquire about making an appointment for an STI test if you are sexually active. Getting tested regularly is recommended to avoid unknowingly spreading disease further as well as diagnose anything you may have contracted so it can be cured or treated before irreversible damage is potentially done to your body.


===What to Get & Where to Get It=== <!--T:18-->
===What to Get & Where to Get It=== <!--T:19-->


====Testing Facilities==== <!--T:19-->
====Testing Facilities==== <!--T:20-->
*AHF Haiti - Avenue Lamartiniere 1, Impasse Rigaud, Bois Verna Port-au-Prince Haiti <ref>https://www.aidshealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/AHF-GLOBAL-CLINIC-DIRECTORY-2014.pdf</ref>
*IPPF Association Pour la Promotion de la Famille Haitienne<br>
8 Rue La Forest, Delmas 31<br>
HT 6120<br>
Port-au-Prince, Haiti<br>
P: (509) 2811-0411<br>
E: info@profamilhaiti.org
*AHF Haiti - Avenue Lamartiniere 1, Impasse Rigaud, Bois Verna Port-au-Prince Haiti <ref>[https://www.aidshealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/AHF-GLOBAL-CLINIC-DIRECTORY-2014.pdf AHF Global Clinic Directory]</ref>


====Support==== <!--T:20-->
====Support==== <!--T:21-->
If someone you know is incarcerated in Port-au-Prince or elsewhere in Haiti and has contracted or is at risk of contracting HIV, the [http://https://www.aidshealth.org/#/archives/countries/htl Aids Healthcare Foundation] can help. They provide testing and medicine for those in need. Visit their website for more information.
If someone you know is incarcerated in Port-au-Prince or elsewhere in Haiti and has contracted or is at risk of contracting HIV, the [http://https://www.aidshealth.org/#/archives/countries/htl Aids Healthcare Foundation] can help. They provide testing and medicine for those in need. Visit their website for more information.


===Costs=== <!--T:21-->
===Costs=== <!--T:22-->
Many clinics run by NGOs offer free STI/STD screening.


==Medications & Vaccines== <!--T:22-->
==Medications & Vaccines== <!--T:23-->


===Laws & Social Stigmas=== <!--T:23-->
===Laws & Social Stigmas=== <!--T:24-->


===What to Get & Where to Get It=== <!--T:24-->
===What to Get & Where to Get It=== <!--T:25-->
"Fluconazole" is the name of the active ingredient in yeast infection medication. Make sure this is listed under active ingredients to ensure that you are buying an effective medication. PReP is not available to buy in Haiti<ref>http://www.prepwatch.org/</ref> As far as HPV vaccinations go, Haiti has a "Pilot Program", which means it is available but not readily accessible to everyone.
"Fluconazole" is the name of the active ingredient in yeast infection medication. Make sure this is listed under active ingredients to ensure that you are buying an effective medication. PReP is not available to buy in Haiti.<ref>[http://www.prepwatch.org/ PrEPWatch World Map]</ref> As far as HPV vaccinations go, Haiti has a "Pilot Program", which means it is available but not readily accessible to everyone. [https://www.facebook.com/search/110097772353183/places-in/134381433294944/places/intersect/ Click here] to be redirected to a list of 11 pharmacies in Port-au-Prince and their Facebook pages.<br>[http://hiccayeshaiti.e-monsite.com/ Hôpital Immaculée Conception] has a steady supply of antiretroviral HIV medication.<ref>[https://blog.usaid.gov/2016/05/delivering-life-saving-hivaids-drugs-around-the-world/ Delivering Life-Saving HIV/AIDS Drugs Around the World]</ref>


===Costs=== <!--T:25-->
===Costs=== <!--T:26-->
In 2004, initial antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Haiti cost approximately $US 1,000 per patient per year.<ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18275615 The cost of antiretroviral therapy in Haiti]</ref>


==Menstruation== <!--T:26-->
==Menstruation== <!--T:27-->


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'''Note:''' In addition to pads and tampons, you can also use menstrual cups and menstrual underwear for your period. To learn more about menstrual cups, click [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menstrual_cup here]. To learn more about menstrual underwear, click [http://menstrualcupreviews.net/best-period-panties-reviews/ here].
'''Note:''' In addition to pads and tampons, you can also use menstrual cups and menstrual underwear for your period. To learn more about menstrual cups, click [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menstrual_cup here]. To learn more about menstrual underwear, click [http://menstrualcupreviews.net/best-period-panties-reviews/ here].


===Laws & Social Stigmas=== <!--T:28-->
===Laws & Social Stigmas=== <!--T:29-->
The women of Haiti have little access to education on feminine hygiene and menstruation. In one poll, nearly 25% of women surveyed did not know why they had their period. Given the income of the women ranged from an estimated $1 – $3/day, disposable sanitary pads are often too expensive. Therefore, more than 80% of the women regularly used folded cloth sheets or old T-shirts to absorb menstrual blood. The women with no access to sanitary pads are often forced them to modify daily activities such as going to school or work.<ref>[http://ganm.nursing.jhu.edu/partnership-not-aid-how-the-women-of-haiti-are-claiming-a-new-future-3/ PARTNERSHIP, NOT AID – HOW THE WOMEN OF HAITI ARE CLAIMING A NEW FUTURE]</ref>


===What to Get & Where to Get It=== <!--T:29-->
===What to Get & Where to Get It=== <!--T:30-->


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"Kotex" is the most common brand of disposable pads available in Port-au-Prince.
"Kotex" is the most common brand of disposable pads available in Port-au-Prince.


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Organizations working on menstrual issues in Haiti:
Organizations working on menstrual issues in Haiti:


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* [http://realhopeforhaiti.org/kits/womens-hygiene-kits/ Women's Hygiene Kits - Haiti]: Visit the site for details.
* [http://realhopeforhaiti.org/kits/womens-hygiene-kits/ Women's Hygiene Kits - Haiti]: Visit the site for details.
* [http://breathoflifehaiti.com/2016/07/19/divacup-partnership/ DivaCup Partnership in Haiti]
* [http://breathoflifehaiti.com/2016/07/19/divacup-partnership/ DivaCup Partnership in Haiti]
* [http://www.helpinghaitiwork.org/ Helping Haiti Work]: This nonprofit has expressed interest in providing disposable pads to Haitian women, but we're not sure about the current status of their work
* [http://www.helpinghaitiwork.org/ Helping Haiti Work]: This nonprofit has expressed interest in providing disposable pads to Haitian women, but we're not sure about the current status of their work


===Costs=== <!--T:33-->
===Costs=== <!--T:34-->
A box of 32 Tampax OB tampons can cost around 600 Gourde (~$9 USD). This price is even higher than many western countries. Because of this, disposable menstruation products have not much popularity among many women in the country. A company called [https://www.oursoil.org/1701-empowering-women/ SOIL] claims to provide reusable sanitary kits for free to all women in Haiti. Visit their website for more information.
A box of 32 Tampax OB tampons can cost around 600 Gourde (~$9 USD). This price is even higher than many western countries. Because of this, disposable menstruation products have not much popularity among many women in the country. A company called [https://www.oursoil.org/1701-empowering-women/ SOIL] claims to provide reusable sanitary kits for free to all women in Haiti. Visit their website for more information.


==Gynecological Exams== <!--T:34-->
==Gynecological Exams== <!--T:35-->


===Laws & Social Stigmas=== <!--T:35-->
===Laws & Social Stigmas=== <!--T:36-->


===What to Get & Where to Get It=== <!--T:36-->
===What to Get & Where to Get It=== <!--T:37-->
*Dr. Serge Guichard<br>
* Dr. Serge Guichard<br>
Address: 13 Rue Faubert, Port-au-Prince , Haiti.<br>
Address: 13 Rue Faubert, Port-au-Prince , Haiti.<br>
Tel: +509 257 1109<br>
Tel: +509 257 1109<br>
Specialism: Obstetrics & Gynaecology<br>
Specialism: Obstetrics & Gynaecology<br>
*Marco Percque<br>
* Marco Percque<br>
Phone: 2257-4711 / 2257-3646<br>
Phone: 2257-4711 / 2257-3646<br>
Address: Unite Chirurgical
Address: Unite Chirurgical
#75 Rue Lambert, Petion Ville<br>
#75 Rue Lambert, Petion Ville<br>
*Ronald Fouche<br>Phone: 2245-6301/ 2244-2970/ 2968<br>Email: Email: rfouche@obgyn.net<br>Address: 42, Chemin des Dalles, entre rues<br>
* Ronald Fouche<br>Phone: 2245-6301/ 2244-2970/ 2968<br>Email: Email: rfouche@obgyn.net<br>Address: 42, Chemin des Dalles, entre rues<br>
St-Cyr & Magny- La Maison
St-Cyr & Magny- La Maison
Medicale, P-au-P<ref>http://photos.state.gov/libraries/haiti/231771/PDFs/LOCAL%20ENGLISH%20SPEAKING%20PHYSICIANS%20_August%202011_.pdf</ref>
Medicale, P-au-P<ref>[http://photos.state.gov/libraries/haiti/231771/PDFs/LOCAL%20ENGLISH%20SPEAKING%20PHYSICIANS%20_August%202011_.pdf LOCAL ENGLISH SPEAKING PHYSICIANS - American Embassy]</ref><br>
<br>[http://www.shog.org/
* Société Haïtienne d'Obstétrique et de Gynécologie]<br>
Address : 27 Ruelle Berne, Port-au-Prince, HAITI<br>
Email: shog@hainet.net<br>


===Costs=== <!--T:37-->
===Costs=== <!--T:38-->


==Pregnancy== <!--T:38-->
==Pregnancy== <!--T:39-->


===Laws & Social Stigmas=== <!--T:39-->
===Laws & Social Stigmas=== <!--T:40-->
All women in Haiti are legally entitled to 6 weeks of maternity leave with 100% of their average pay to be compensated by their employer.<ref>http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_242615.pdf</ref> However, the reality of the situation can be much different and many women find that they are not in a position to receive this aid. <ref>http://www.nbcnews.com/id/29706995/ns/health-pregnancy/t/giving-birth-fraught-danger-haiti/#.WLVr_BJ94y4</ref> In Haiti, there are only 201 nurse-midwives for a population of 10 million. NGO Midwives for Haiti are trying to fill this gap with much needed help to improve mother and child survival. As of 2013, For every 100,000 babies born in Haiti, 630 women die of pregnancy-related causes<ref>http://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/haiti/article1957834.html</ref>.


===What to Get & Where to Get It=== <!--T:40-->
<!--T:58-->
*SHADA CLINIC – Cap Haitien<br>*HAITI VILLAGE HEALTH – Bas Limbe<br>*OPEN DOOR CLINIC – Bois de Lance<br>*JOLITROU – Grande Riviere
All women in Haiti are legally entitled to 6 weeks of maternity leave with 100% of their average pay to be compensated by their employer.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parental_leave Parental Leave]</ref> <ref>[http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_242615.pdf Maternity and paternity at work]</ref> However, the reality of the situation can be much different and many women find that they are not in a position to receive this aid. <ref>[http://www.nbcnews.com/id/29706995/ns/health-pregnancy/t/giving-birth-fraught-danger-haiti/#.WLVr_BJ94y4 Giving Birth is Fraught with Danger in Haiti]</ref> In Haiti, there are only 201 nurse-midwives for a population of 10 million. NGO Midwives for Haiti are trying to fill this gap with much needed help to improve mother and child survival. As of 2013, For every 100,000 babies born in Haiti, 630 women die of pregnancy-related causes.<ref>[http://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/haiti/article1957834.html Women in Haiti embracing birth control despite taboos]</ref>


===Costs=== <!--T:41-->
===What to Get & Where to Get It=== <!--T:41-->
 
<!--T:59-->
* An option available for women in need of medical care regarding their pregnancy is provided by the organization [http://www.msf.org/en/where-we-work/haiti Médecins Sans Frontières]has at least one location in Port-au-Prince that offers prenatal care for women with pressing health complications regarding their pregnancy. Unfortunately, their facilities are often overwhelmed with too many patients seeking aid and only have room for very few of them. However, these facilities do their best not to reject any woman in labor, regardless of their health status.<ref>[https://www.ft.com/content/4ecb945a-1e97-3369-9117-8fb3c2b61908 Improving Maternity Care in Haiti]</ref><br>
* Pran Men’m - Located in the Delmas 33 neighbourhood of Port-au-Prince, MSF’s 148-bed Centre de Référence des Urgences en Obstétrique (CRUO) <ref>[http://www.msf.org/en/where-we-work/haiti Medecins San Frontieres - Haiti]</ref><br>
* Many women, if they can afford it, choose to fly to Jimani in the Dominican Republic to give birth where healthcare is more widely accessible.<ref>[http://cronkite.asu.edu/buffett/dr/giving_birth_full.html</ref>
* [https://www.facebook.com/UNFPAHaiti/ UNFPA]: Address: LOCAL MINUSTAH, Log Base - Zone 5, Boulevard Toussaint Louverture and Clercine 18, Port-au-Prince, Haiti, Email address: Office@unfpahaiti.org, Work timetable: Monday - Thursday 7:30 AM - 4:30 PM, Friday 7:30 AM - 1:30 PM<br> Telephones: 509 2815-6000, 509 2813-0415.
 
===Costs=== <!--T:42-->
 
<!--T:60-->
The cost for a stay in a Public hospital in Port-au-Prince can cost less than 1 USD a day. However, the patient is accountable to pay for all other expenses, such as syringes, medicine, transportation etc. Because of this, the price of giving birth in a public hospital is out of the question for most people since about 60% of Haiti lives beneath the poverty line.
The cost for a stay in a Public hospital in Port-au-Prince can cost less than 1 USD a day. However, the patient is accountable to pay for all other expenses, such as syringes, medicine, transportation etc. Because of this, the price of giving birth in a public hospital is out of the question for most people since about 60% of Haiti lives beneath the poverty line.


==Abortion== <!--T:42-->
==Abortion== <!--T:43-->


<!--T:43-->
<!--T:44-->
'''Important Note:''' There are two main types of abortions: medical (also known as the "abortion pill") and surgical (also known as "in-clinic"). For medical abortions, you take a pill to induce abortion. For surgical abortions, a procedure is performed to induce abortion. For general information about medical and surgical abortions, click [https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/abortion here].
'''Important Note:''' There are two main types of abortions: medical (also known as the "abortion pill") and surgical (also known as "in-clinic"). For medical abortions, you take a pill to induce abortion. For surgical abortions, a procedure is performed to induce abortion. For general information about medical and surgical abortions, click [https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/abortion here].


===Laws & Social Stigmas=== <!--T:44-->
===Laws & Social Stigmas=== <!--T:45-->
Haiti has some of the strictest laws regarding abortion in the world. There are no grounds in which abortions are legally permitted<ref>https://www.guttmacher.org/sites/default/files/factsheet/ib_aww-latin-america.pdf</ref> with the rare exception that it be necessary to save the mother's life, but even that is not guaranteed by law. Women often turn to highly unsafe and illegal underground abortion options. In large part, this is also due to the fact the contraception itself is not widely accepted, available or properly used. <ref>http://www.theoaklandpress.com/general-news/20131128/women-in-haiti-embracing-birth-control-despite-taboos</ref> Despite the fact that it is illegal, abortion is common in Haiti. <ref>http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/20644-a-look-at-abortion-in-haiti</ref> The number of post-abortion deaths in Haiti is unknown, but physicians say post-abortion complications are a leading cause of maternal death, with the health ministry estimating it could possibly account for as many as 30 percent of them. <ref>http://www.theoaklandpress.com/general-news/20131128/women-in-haiti-embracing-birth-control-despite-taboos</ref>
Haiti has some of the strictest laws regarding abortion in the world. There are no grounds in which abortions are legally permitted.<ref>[https://www.guttmacher.org/sites/default/files/factsheet/ib_aww-latin-america.pdf Latin America Fact Sheet]</ref> with the rare exception that it be necessary to save the mother's life, but even that is not guaranteed by law. Women often turn to highly unsafe and illegal underground abortion options. In large part, this is also due to the fact the contraception itself is not widely accepted, available or properly used. <ref>[http://www.theoaklandpress.com/general-news/20131128/women-in-haiti-embracing-birth-control-despite-taboos Women in Haiti Embracing Birth Control Despite Taboos]</ref> Despite the fact that it is illegal, abortion is common in Haiti. <ref>[http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/20644-a-look-at-abortion-in-haiti A Look at Abortion in Haiti]</ref> The number of post-abortion deaths in Haiti is unknown, but physicians say post-abortion complications are a leading cause of maternal death, with the health ministry estimating it could possibly account for as many as 30 percent of them. <ref>[http://www.theoaklandpress.com/general-news/20131128/women-in-haiti-embracing-birth-control-despite-taboos Women in Haiti Embracing Birth Control Despite Taboos]</ref>


===What to Get & Where to Get It=== <!--T:45-->
===What to Get & Where to Get It=== <!--T:46-->
It is considered extremely dangerous by almost all health professionals to seek an unlicensed abortion illegally. The most affordable and safest alternative to this is to travel to Miami, Florida and get the procedure done there. Additionally, you may be able to order the "abortion pill" by mail. Check out [https://www.womenonweb.org/en/i-need-an-abortion this link] for details
It is considered extremely dangerous by almost all health professionals to seek an unlicensed abortion illegally. The most affordable and safest alternative to this is to travel to the Dominican Republic or other neighboring nations and get the procedure done there. Additionally, you may be able to order the "abortion pill" by mail. Check out [https://www.womenonweb.org/en/i-need-an-abortion this link] for details


===Costs=== <!--T:46-->
===Costs=== <!--T:47-->
N/A
N/A


==Advocacy & Counseling== <!--T:47-->
==Advocacy & Counseling== <!--T:48-->
 
===Laws & Social Stigmas=== <!--T:49-->
[[File:MSF157486.jpg|350px | thumb|right|frame|'''Line outside the Doctor Without Borders Clinic in Port-au-Prince''']]
Rape and all other sexual assault goes largely unreported throughout Haiti due to the fact that many victims are subject to victim blaming by their communities. Many women also don't report such incidents due to fear of potential reprisals from their attackers. Haiti has a long history of of enforcing minor penalties for those convicted of rape and sexual assault, but this trend has been slowly changing since new legislation was passed in 2005. The new law now holds the attackers more accountable for their crime as well as guaranteeing free health coverage for sexual assault victims. The legal procedure for reporting a sexual assault to police is convoluted and difficult, further diminishing the number of reports made. Critics of Haitian police have called their response to reported rapes inadequate. <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_violence_in_Haiti Sexual Violence in Haiti]</ref>


===Laws & Social Stigmas=== <!--T:48-->
===What to Get & Where to Get It=== <!--T:50-->
The Pran Men’m clinic (Creole for “Take My Hand”) is a facility offering the emergency medical assistance required during the 72 hours following an assault, along with longer-term medical care and psychological support. They are open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. <ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2016/12/08/world/cnnphotos-sexual-assault-haiti/ Sexual Assault in Haiti]</ref>


===What to Get & Where to Get It=== <!--T:49-->
===Costs=== <!--T:51-->
The Pran Men’m clinic is a facility offering the emergency medical assistance required during the 72 hours following an assault, along with longer-term medical care and psychological support.
The Pran Men’m clinic offers most of its services free of charge.


===Costs=== <!--T:50-->
==List of Additional Resources== <!--T:52-->


==List of Additional Resources== <!--T:51-->
<!--T:61-->
[http://http://www.hpvcentre.net/statistics/reports/HTI_FS.pdf Haiti HPV Vaccine Status]
* [https://www.profamilhaiti.org/ Association Pour la Promotion de la Famille Haitienne (PROFAMIL)]: "In a country with high rates of poverty and HIV, Profamil is a leading provider of sexual and reproductive health care and education in Haiti. In addition to its static clinics, it reaches marginalized populations through its mobile health units and network of health promoters." This is an affiliate of the International Planned Parenthood Federation. Email: info@profamilhaiti.org
* [http://http://www.hpvcentre.net/statistics/reports/HTI_FS.pdf Haiti HPV Vaccine Status]
* [http://www.handsupforhaiti.org/about-us/ Hands Up For Haiti]
* [http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/countrEy-region/haiti Doctors Without Borders - Haiti]
* [http://ganm.nursing.jhu.edu/partnership-not-aid-how-the-women-of-haiti-are-claiming-a-new-future-3/ GANM Blogs]
* [http://www.expat.com/en/business/central-america/haiti/6_health/pharmacies/ Expat Pharmacy List]
* [http://www.msf.ca/en/country-region/haiti MSF]
* [http://www.scms.pfscm.org/scms SCMS (Global Access to HIV/AIDS Medication]
* [http://iwhp.sogc.org/index.php?page=171 International Women's Health Program (Haiti)]


==References== <!--T:52-->
==References== <!--T:53-->
<references />
<references />


<!--T:53-->
<!--T:54-->
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Latest revision as of 23:45, 21 March 2019

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OVERVIEW
In Haiti, women face significant challenges in accessing comprehensive sexual and reproductive health. The country struggles with having the reputation as the poorest country in Western hemisphere and its turmoils have been compounded by disastrous earthquakes and hurricanes in recent years. This has left the country in need of international aid and a devastating lack of resources. This has obviously had a dramatic effect on sexual, reproductive and women's health care needs throughout the country. Though Port-au-Prince has more civil resources available than many of the countries more rural areas, there is still undoubtedly a lot of improvement to be made in these areas. Some of the issues include the lack of availability of contraception, overpriced feminine hygiene products, lack of proper medical facilities, unaffordable and outdated hospitals, a high rate of HIV infection and an alarming rate of sexual abuse against women[1]. Additionally, abortion is completely illegal and there is little help from government organizations to curb the STI infection rate and lack of education on family planning. Historically, women's rights are not a high priority for the Haitian government. As of 2016, not a single woman holds a seat in the senate of Haiti.[2]

Contraception (Birth Control)

Condoms for sale in Port-au-Prince

General Note: There are many types of contraceptives, also known as "birth control," including IUDs, oral contraceptives, patches, shots, and condoms, etc. If you would like to view a full list, click here.

Laws & Social Stigmas

Despite the fact that Haiti has a long history with oral contraceptives[3], the country has a staggeringly low rate of 37.8% of women between the ages of 15 and 49 report using any kind of contraception at all. This is the lowest rate of any Caribbean country. An overwhelming majority of women that do use birth control opt for the contraceptive injection.[4] There have been multiple campaigns with mixed results to raise awareness for the use of contraceptives. Many women are raised in a conservative Christian families and don't want to admit that they are having premarital sex, so discussions about birth control are not likely to be widely discussed by most Haitians, especially amongst the youth. [5]

What to Get & Where to Get It

  • For a comprehensive list of all available hormonal contraceptive available in the country, visit the Haiti IPPF page.
  • Condoms can be purchased at larger retailers but more difficult to find at smaller businesses.
  • According to the International Planned Parenthood Federation, there are over 20 types of hormonal contraceptive pills (birth control pills) available. Most that are available are phasic and combined oral pills, but there is also a wide variety of hormonal implants available. There is only one hormonal IUD available by the name of "Mirena." The contraceptive ring (Nuva Ring) does not seem to available for purchase in Haiti.[6]
  • You may be able to find contraceptive injectables, like Depo-Provera SAS 150mg/ml, Mesigyna, Mesigyna Instayect and Noristerat, according to IPFF.[7]
  • You may be able to find contraceptive implants, like Implanon and Jadelle, according to IPFF.[8]

Costs

KORE, loosely translated, means "I've got your back" in Haitian Creole, is a brand of condom that became available in Haiti in 2013. The company aimed to provide a widely available and much more affordable condom for the people of Haiti. [9] A pack of 3 brand name condoms usually costs somewhere between 200-300 gourde.

Emergency Contraception (Morning After Pill)

Important Notes: Emergency contraception may prevent pregnancy for three days (72 hours) and sometimes five days (120 hours) after unprotected sex. Take EC as soon as possible after unprotected sex. If you don't have access to dedicated EC, oral contraceptives can be used as replacement EC, but remember the following: 1) Only some contraceptives work as EC 2) Different contraceptives require different dosages and time schedules to work as EC 3) You must only use the first 21 pills in 28-day packs and 4) They may be less effective than dedicated EC. For general information on emergency contraceptives, click here and here.

Laws & Social Stigmas

The morning after pill is rarely available over the counter in Port-au-Prince. If it can be found, it is likely imported and will contain instructions in a foreign language which may render the product useless.[10] If you are in need of emergency contraception in Haiti, you have the option of taking larger doses of regular hormonal birth control instead of the morning after pill.[11]

What to Get & Where to Get It

Note: The longest-lasting EC is currently ellaOne. It lasts up to 5 days (120 hours) after unprotected sex. Check to see if your country carries ellaOne. If your country doesn't carry ellaOne, copper IUDs may also prevent pregnancy up to 5 days after unprotected sex. If none of these options are available, and it's been over 3 days since you had unprotected sex, you can still take EC, which may work up to 5 days. Note that EC pills are not 100% effective and should be taken as soon as possible.

The following is a list of available oral Contraceptives used for emergency contraception (Progestin Only)[12] 

	Take 40 pills within 120 hours after unprotected sex:
	Ovrette
	Take 50 pills within 120 hours after unprotected sex:
	Microval

Oral Contraceptives used for EC / Progestin-Estrogen Combined Note: in 28-day packs, only the first 21 pills can be used 

	Take 2 pills within 120 hours after unprotected sex and take 2 more pills 12 hours later:
	Eugynon
	Neogynon
	Nordiol
	Ovral
	Take 4 pills within 120 hours after unprotected sex and take 4 more pills 12 hours later:
	Lo-Femenal
	Minigynon 30
	Nordette

Costs

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs/STDs)

Important Notes - Learn about PEP and PrEP: If you think that you've been recently exposed to HIV (i.e. within 72 hours), seek out PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis). It's a month-long treatment to prevent HIV infection after exposure, and it may be available in your city. Take PEP as soon as possible. For more information, click here. If you are at risk of HIV exposure, seek out PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis). It's a daily oral pill that can prevent HIV infection before exposure. To learn more about PrEP, click here.

Laws & Social Stigmas

Haiti has a 1.8 percent prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS, among the highest percentage-wise in the Caribbean region (behind the Bahamas, and Belize). However, it has the most overall cases of HIV/AIDS in the Caribbean region with an estimated 120,000 HIV/AIDS-positive Haitians.[13] One of the best ways to avoid contracting HIV and other STIs is to regularly using condoms. Contact the International Planned Parenthood Federation to inquire about making an appointment for an STI test if you are sexually active. Getting tested regularly is recommended to avoid unknowingly spreading disease further as well as diagnose anything you may have contracted so it can be cured or treated before irreversible damage is potentially done to your body.

What to Get & Where to Get It

Testing Facilities

  • IPPF Association Pour la Promotion de la Famille Haitienne

8 Rue La Forest, Delmas 31
HT 6120
Port-au-Prince, Haiti
P: (509) 2811-0411
E: info@profamilhaiti.org

  • AHF Haiti - Avenue Lamartiniere 1, Impasse Rigaud, Bois Verna Port-au-Prince Haiti [14]

Support

If someone you know is incarcerated in Port-au-Prince or elsewhere in Haiti and has contracted or is at risk of contracting HIV, the Aids Healthcare Foundation can help. They provide testing and medicine for those in need. Visit their website for more information.

Costs

Many clinics run by NGOs offer free STI/STD screening.

Medications & Vaccines

Laws & Social Stigmas

What to Get & Where to Get It

"Fluconazole" is the name of the active ingredient in yeast infection medication. Make sure this is listed under active ingredients to ensure that you are buying an effective medication. PReP is not available to buy in Haiti.[15] As far as HPV vaccinations go, Haiti has a "Pilot Program", which means it is available but not readily accessible to everyone. Click here to be redirected to a list of 11 pharmacies in Port-au-Prince and their Facebook pages.
Hôpital Immaculée Conception has a steady supply of antiretroviral HIV medication.[16]

Costs

In 2004, initial antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Haiti cost approximately $US 1,000 per patient per year.[17]

Menstruation

Note: In addition to pads and tampons, you can also use menstrual cups and menstrual underwear for your period. To learn more about menstrual cups, click here. To learn more about menstrual underwear, click here.

Laws & Social Stigmas

The women of Haiti have little access to education on feminine hygiene and menstruation. In one poll, nearly 25% of women surveyed did not know why they had their period. Given the income of the women ranged from an estimated $1 – $3/day, disposable sanitary pads are often too expensive. Therefore, more than 80% of the women regularly used folded cloth sheets or old T-shirts to absorb menstrual blood. The women with no access to sanitary pads are often forced them to modify daily activities such as going to school or work.[18]

What to Get & Where to Get It

"Kotex" is the most common brand of disposable pads available in Port-au-Prince.

Organizations working on menstrual issues in Haiti:

Costs

A box of 32 Tampax OB tampons can cost around 600 Gourde (~$9 USD). This price is even higher than many western countries. Because of this, disposable menstruation products have not much popularity among many women in the country. A company called SOIL claims to provide reusable sanitary kits for free to all women in Haiti. Visit their website for more information.

Gynecological Exams

Laws & Social Stigmas

What to Get & Where to Get It

  • Dr. Serge Guichard

Address: 13 Rue Faubert, Port-au-Prince , Haiti.
Tel: +509 257 1109
Specialism: Obstetrics & Gynaecology

  • Marco Percque

Phone: 2257-4711 / 2257-3646
Address: Unite Chirurgical

  1. 75 Rue Lambert, Petion Ville
  • Ronald Fouche
    Phone: 2245-6301/ 2244-2970/ 2968
    Email: Email: rfouche@obgyn.net
    Address: 42, Chemin des Dalles, entre rues

St-Cyr & Magny- La Maison Medicale, P-au-P[19]

[http://www.shog.org/

  • Société Haïtienne d'Obstétrique et de Gynécologie]

Address : 27 Ruelle Berne, Port-au-Prince, HAITI
Email: shog@hainet.net

Costs

Pregnancy

Laws & Social Stigmas

All women in Haiti are legally entitled to 6 weeks of maternity leave with 100% of their average pay to be compensated by their employer.[20] [21] However, the reality of the situation can be much different and many women find that they are not in a position to receive this aid. [22] In Haiti, there are only 201 nurse-midwives for a population of 10 million. NGO Midwives for Haiti are trying to fill this gap with much needed help to improve mother and child survival. As of 2013, For every 100,000 babies born in Haiti, 630 women die of pregnancy-related causes.[23]

What to Get & Where to Get It

  • An option available for women in need of medical care regarding their pregnancy is provided by the organization Médecins Sans Frontièreshas at least one location in Port-au-Prince that offers prenatal care for women with pressing health complications regarding their pregnancy. Unfortunately, their facilities are often overwhelmed with too many patients seeking aid and only have room for very few of them. However, these facilities do their best not to reject any woman in labor, regardless of their health status.[24]
  • Pran Men’m - Located in the Delmas 33 neighbourhood of Port-au-Prince, MSF’s 148-bed Centre de Référence des Urgences en Obstétrique (CRUO) [25]
  • Many women, if they can afford it, choose to fly to Jimani in the Dominican Republic to give birth where healthcare is more widely accessible.[26]
  • UNFPA: Address: LOCAL MINUSTAH, Log Base - Zone 5, Boulevard Toussaint Louverture and Clercine 18, Port-au-Prince, Haiti, Email address: Office@unfpahaiti.org, Work timetable: Monday - Thursday 7:30 AM - 4:30 PM, Friday 7:30 AM - 1:30 PM
    Telephones: 509 2815-6000, 509 2813-0415.

Costs

The cost for a stay in a Public hospital in Port-au-Prince can cost less than 1 USD a day. However, the patient is accountable to pay for all other expenses, such as syringes, medicine, transportation etc. Because of this, the price of giving birth in a public hospital is out of the question for most people since about 60% of Haiti lives beneath the poverty line.

Abortion

Important Note: There are two main types of abortions: medical (also known as the "abortion pill") and surgical (also known as "in-clinic"). For medical abortions, you take a pill to induce abortion. For surgical abortions, a procedure is performed to induce abortion. For general information about medical and surgical abortions, click here.

Laws & Social Stigmas

Haiti has some of the strictest laws regarding abortion in the world. There are no grounds in which abortions are legally permitted.[27] with the rare exception that it be necessary to save the mother's life, but even that is not guaranteed by law. Women often turn to highly unsafe and illegal underground abortion options. In large part, this is also due to the fact the contraception itself is not widely accepted, available or properly used. [28] Despite the fact that it is illegal, abortion is common in Haiti. [29] The number of post-abortion deaths in Haiti is unknown, but physicians say post-abortion complications are a leading cause of maternal death, with the health ministry estimating it could possibly account for as many as 30 percent of them. [30]

What to Get & Where to Get It

It is considered extremely dangerous by almost all health professionals to seek an unlicensed abortion illegally. The most affordable and safest alternative to this is to travel to the Dominican Republic or other neighboring nations and get the procedure done there. Additionally, you may be able to order the "abortion pill" by mail. Check out this link for details

Costs

N/A

Advocacy & Counseling

Laws & Social Stigmas

Line outside the Doctor Without Borders Clinic in Port-au-Prince

Rape and all other sexual assault goes largely unreported throughout Haiti due to the fact that many victims are subject to victim blaming by their communities. Many women also don't report such incidents due to fear of potential reprisals from their attackers. Haiti has a long history of of enforcing minor penalties for those convicted of rape and sexual assault, but this trend has been slowly changing since new legislation was passed in 2005. The new law now holds the attackers more accountable for their crime as well as guaranteeing free health coverage for sexual assault victims. The legal procedure for reporting a sexual assault to police is convoluted and difficult, further diminishing the number of reports made. Critics of Haitian police have called their response to reported rapes inadequate. [31]

What to Get & Where to Get It

The Pran Men’m clinic (Creole for “Take My Hand”) is a facility offering the emergency medical assistance required during the 72 hours following an assault, along with longer-term medical care and psychological support. They are open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. [32]

Costs

The Pran Men’m clinic offers most of its services free of charge.

List of Additional Resources

References

  1. ↑ Sexual Violence in Haiti
  2. ↑ No women in new Haitian parliament
  3. ↑ Women’s Trials: The Approval of the First Oral Contraceptive Pill in the United States and Great Britain
  4. ↑ Trends in Contraceptive Use 2015
  5. ↑ Family Planning is a Delicate Subject in Haiti
  6. ↑ IPFF - Haiti
  7. ↑ IPFF - Haiti
  8. ↑ IPFF - Haiti
  9. ↑ Haiti Condom Donation
  10. ↑ Haiti's Silenced Victims
  11. ↑ Princeton EC Website
  12. ↑ Princeton EC Website
  13. ↑ HIV/AIDS in Haiti
  14. ↑ AHF Global Clinic Directory
  15. ↑ PrEPWatch World Map
  16. ↑ Delivering Life-Saving HIV/AIDS Drugs Around the World
  17. ↑ The cost of antiretroviral therapy in Haiti
  18. ↑ PARTNERSHIP, NOT AID – HOW THE WOMEN OF HAITI ARE CLAIMING A NEW FUTURE
  19. ↑ LOCAL ENGLISH SPEAKING PHYSICIANS - American Embassy
  20. ↑ Parental Leave
  21. ↑ Maternity and paternity at work
  22. ↑ Giving Birth is Fraught with Danger in Haiti
  23. ↑ Women in Haiti embracing birth control despite taboos
  24. ↑ Improving Maternity Care in Haiti
  25. ↑ Medecins San Frontieres - Haiti
  26. ↑ [http://cronkite.asu.edu/buffett/dr/giving_birth_full.html
  27. ↑ Latin America Fact Sheet
  28. ↑ Women in Haiti Embracing Birth Control Despite Taboos
  29. ↑ A Look at Abortion in Haiti
  30. ↑ Women in Haiti Embracing Birth Control Despite Taboos
  31. ↑ Sexual Violence in Haiti
  32. ↑ Sexual Assault in Haiti


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