Italie

INTRODUCTION

En Italie, vous aurez besoin d'une ordonnance pour obtenir la pilule contraceptive, mais vous trouverez des préservatifs sans ordonnance. La contraception d'urgence (pilule du lendemai) est dsiponible à l'achat sans ordonnance (depuis 2015), ce qui est une avancée positive après des années pendant lesquelles une ordonnance était obligatoire. Vous pourrez vous faire tester pour les MST dans l'une des nombeuses cliniques du pays , et trouverez aussi des réseaux de soutien nationaux. Le congé maternité de 5 mois est obligatoire pour toutes les femmes enceintes employées. L'avortement est légal durant les 90 premiers jours de gestation, et est gratuit pour les citoyens Italiens. Les étrangers devront paye pour une procédure d'avortement. Il y a beaucoup de professionnels de la santé qui ne pratiquent pas l'avortement en raison de leurs croyances morales ou religieuses, ainsi, si vous avez besoin d'un avortement, il est impératif de s'assurer d'un médecin enclin à pratiquer l'opération.

Contraception

Birth control purchased in Florence, Italy for 13 euro

Note générale : il existe de nombreux moyens de contraception, comme les DIU (dispositifs intra-utérins ou stérilets), les contraceptions orales, les patchs, les injections, les préservatifs, etc. Pour une liste complète, cliquez here.

Lois et stigmatisation sociale

En Italie, vous aurez besoin d'une ordonnance pour la contraception hormonale, comme la pilule ou les inejctions. VOus n'aureez pas besoin d'une ordonnance pour des preservatifs. Selon une étude de 2015, 65.3% des Italiennes (en âge de se reproduire) utilisent une méthode contraceptive, dont 48.9% une méthode moderne. Trends in Contraceptive Use Worldwide 2015

Que prendre et où le trouver

Lusinelle birth control purchased in Italy for 13 euro

• Pour une liste complète des options de contraception en Italie, cliquez here.
• Lorsque vous aurez une ordonnance pour la pilule contraceptive, vous pourrez vous rendre dans une pahrmacie locale ("farmacia" en Italien). Il y a plus d'une vingtaine de marques disponibles en Italie. Vous trouverez par exemple Novogyn 21, Microgynon, Ovranet, Loette and Miranova.Pour une liste complète cliquez here.
• Nuvaring (l'anneau contraceptif) est disponible en Italie. En 2009, il coûtait environs 13euro. Nous mettrons bientôt à jours des chiffres plus récents.
• Vous trouverez des preservatifs ("preservativi" en Italien) dans les supermarchés et pahrmacies. Il y a aussi condom vending machines, que vous trouverez souvent autour des pahrmacies.
• Si vous voulez des injections contraceptives, vous trouverez Depo-Provera en Italie IPPF Italy.
• Si vous voulez un stérilet, vous pourrez vous procurer Mirena en Italie IPPF Italy.

Coûts

Certaines marques de pilules contraceptives coûtent environs 13euros pour un mois.

Contraception d'urgence ("pilule du lendemain")

"Note importante": La contraception d'urgence peut prévenir la grossesse pendant trois jours (72heures) et parfois cinq jours (120heures) après le rapport non protegé. Prenez la pilule du lendemain aussi rapidemment que possible après le rapprot à risque. Si vous n'avez pas accès à la contraception d'urgence, les contraceptifs oraux peuvent être utilisés en guise de pilule du lendemain, mais n'oubliez pas ces indications: 1/ Seuls certains contraceptifs peuvent être utilisés en remplacement de la pilule du lendemain. 2/ Les différents contraceptifs oraux nécéssitent des dosages et temps de prise différents pour fonctionner comme contraception d'urgence. 3/ Vous ne devez utiliser que les 21 premières pilules dans ue plaquette de 28. 4/ Cette solution peut être moins efficace que les contraceptions d'urgence prévues à cette effet. Pour des informations générales sur la contraception d'urgence, cliquez here et here.

Lois et stigmatisation sociale

In Italy, you can purchase two emergency contraceptive types (morning after pills) without a prescription. LNG EC (like Escapelle and NorLevo 1.5mg) and UPA EC (like ellaOne) are now available over-the-counter from pharmacies for women who are 18 years of age or older. If you want LNG EC, you must get it from a physician (not a pharmacist). If you want UPA EC, you must go to a pharmacy and specifically ask the pharmacy clerk for it, since it's not on the shelves. Also, if you're under 18 years old, you'll still need a prescription to purchase them. However, for all other EC brands, you do need a prescription.

This is a major improvement over past Italian laws, when all EC required a prescription. This caused much distress for women in the past, and you can read a personal account a foreign student's difficulties trying to access EC in the past here. Fortunately, since April 2015, UPA EC has been available over-the-counter, and since October 2015, LNG EC has been available over-the-counter.

What to Get & Where to Get It

• In Italy, you can purchase emergency contraception/the morning after pill ("pillola del giorno dopo" in Italian) at pharmacies. For many brands, you no longer need a prescription, which is a new update as of 2015. Some brands you can expect to see are ellaOne (this is an anti-progestin pill, and it's considered the most effective but it's a bit more expensive). There's also some progestin-only brands (which are cheaper but usually not effective after 3 days), such as Lonel, NorLevo 1.5mg, Unlevo 1500 and Levonelle. For all of these brands, you should take the pill as soon as possible after unprotected sex in order to prevent pregnancy. For more details about accessing these pills with or without prescriptions, see the section above ("Laws & Social Stigmas").
• If you can't access dedicated emergency contraception, you can use birth control pills as replacement EC. Remember that, in 28-day packs, only the first 21 pills can be used. You can take Novogyn 21 (take 2 pills within 120 hours after unprotected sex and take 2 more pills 12 hours later). You can also take Microgynon or Ovranet (for both of these brands, take 4 pills within 120 hours after unprotected sex and take 4 more pills 12 hours later). There's also Loette and Miranova (for both of these brands, take 5 pills within 120 hours after unprotected sex and take 5 more pills 12 hours later).

Note: "RU-486 (Mifegyne) is a pill used under medical supervision in a hospital that terminates a pregnancy within 49 days after implantation of the fertilised egg. It is legal in Italy however some regional governments have opposed the use and therefore the drug may not be readily accessible in all localities."

Costs

If you want an LNG type of birth control (like Escapalle or Norlevo), you can get it for around € 13,10. If you want UPA EC (like ellaOne0, you can get it for around € 26,90.

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs/STDs)

Important Notes - Learn about PEP and PrEP: If you think that you've been recently exposed to HIV (i.e. within 72 hours), seek out PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis). It's a month-long treatment to prevent HIV infection after exposure, and it may be available in your city. Take PEP as soon as possible. For more information, click here. If you are at risk of HIV exposure, seek out PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis). It's a daily oral pill that can prevent HIV infection before exposure. To learn more about PrEP, click here.

Laws & Social Stigmas

There are no travel or residency restrictions related to HIV or STI status in Italy. If you want to work in certain professions (like medicine), you may be required to take an HIV test, but you results will be confidential.

What to Get & Where to Get It

Testing Facilities

Check out the city pages, like the Rome page, for local recommendations.

Support

• Università del Sacro Cuore di Roma: Offers HIV treatment. Address: Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8. 00168 Roma.
• Lega italiana per la lotta contro l'AIDS: Address: Corso Regina Margherita, 190/e, 10152 Torino. Phone: +39 011 431 0922. Fax: +39 011 521 7552. E-mail: lila@lila.it
• Associazione Nazionale per la lotta contro l'AIDS: Address: Via Barberini 3, 00187 Roma.
• AnlAids

Medications & Vaccines

What to Get & Where to Get It

• If you have a yeast infection, you can ask for a local version of Fluconazole at the pharmacy.
• Since 2007, Italy has had a national HPV immunization program, targeting 12 years olds.
• In Italy, there is no national PrEP policy or clinical trials. However, Lila and Plus are two activist groups working on PrEP in Italy.

Menstruation

Note: In addition to pads and tampons, you can also use menstrual cups and menstrual underwear for your period. To learn more about menstrual cups, click here. To learn more about menstrual underwear, click here.

What to Get & Where to Get It

In Italy, you can find pads, tampons and menstrual cups. For pads, they can be found in most supermarkets and you'll have many brands to choose from. For tampons, there are less options. You'll typically find OB (without applicator) or Tampax (with applicator). The prices in the supermarkets are generally better than at pharmacies. For menstrual cups, you have a few options. If you want DivaCup, contact Michele and Barbara Fenati at La Madre Terra: Tel: 0039063611823. Fax: 00390645424411. If you want MoonCup, you can have it delivered from the UK to Italy -- check out the Italian MoonCup website for details. For LadyCup, check out Lady Teen and Popolini. For Lunette, check out Io Solo Donna.

Gynecological Exams

What to Get & Where to Get It

Check out the city pages, like the Rome page, for local recommendations.

Pregnancy

Laws & Social Stigmas

In Italy, all pregnant employees are entitled to maternity leave. If a woman is applying to a job, she is not legally required to tell the employer that she is pregnant. Under the law, pregnant workers are required to take five months' maternity leave, and the woman is entitled to 80% of her regular pay from social security. The employer is often required to make the difference so that the pregnant woman receives 100% of regular earnings. When the woman returns to work, she must receive the same position and responsibilities that she had before the pregnancy. In certain circumstances, maternity leave can be converted into paternity leave.

What to Get & Where to Get It

Check out the city pages, like the Rome page, for local recommendations.

Abortion

Important Note: There are two main types of abortions: medical (also known as the "abortion pill") and surgical (also known as "in-clinic"). For medical abortions, you take a pill to induce abortion. For surgical abortions, a procedure is performed to induce abortion. For general information about medical and surgical abortions, click here.

Laws & Social Stigmas

In Italy, abortion is fully legal for the first 90 days of gestation, according to Law No. 194 (passed in 1978). The father does not need to give consent. However, if you're under 18, you will need parental consent (unless the abortion is due to a health emergency). During this 90-day period, all reasons for an abortion are permitted, including to save the life of the woman, to preserve physical health, to preserve mental health, rape or incest, risk of fetal impairment and economic or social reasons. While it is not formally available "upon request," the law is so open-ended that any woman can find a legal reason for an abortion that fits into the permitted criteria.

There are certain steps that must be taken in order to obtain an abortion. First, a woman must usually apply to an authorized health or welfare agency or a physician of her choice. If she goes to an agency, she will be receive a consultation, during which time she may be encouraged to not seek out termination. If she goes to a physician, the physician must inform of her rights and the availability of welfare facilities. Following the consultation, if the woman wishes to terminate her pregnancy, the physician must issue a certificate. This certificate confirms the pregnancy and the request for an abortion, and it must be signed by the woman and physician. If the pregnant woman is under 18, parental authorization is required (unless there are serious health risks -- in which case, parental preferences may be overruled). Following the issuing of the certificate, the woman must usually then undergo a one-week reflection period. This reflection period is legally required unless an urgent abortion is necessary. Once the reflection period is complete, the woman may go to an authorized medical facility and request an abortion. Note that abortions must be performed in public hospitals or authorized private facilities. There are no specialized abortion clinics in Italy.

After the first three months of gestation, abortion is only permitted to preserve the physical/mental health of the mother or if the fetus has a genetic deficiency. If abortions are performed that are outside the legal provisions, penalties may be levied.

Important Note: You must confirm a physician that will provide an abortion procedure for you. In Italy, medical care providers are not required to perform abortions. If medical personnel are opposed to abortion on moral or religious groups, they are legally allowed to declare their conscientious objection and they're exempt from performing or assisting in an abortion procedure. Seventy percent of Italian gynecologists (and 83% in some conservative regions) are conscientious objectors so do not perform abortions, as of 2016, and a nationwide survey found that 1,200 gynecologists out of well over 10,000 performed abortions. This means that some women spend considerable time trying to find and secure a gynecologist who is willing to perform the exam. It's critical that you secure a physician that does not hold moral objections and can perform the procedure. For more information about this issue in Italy, check out this article and this article.

Costs

If you have an Italian health card, abortion is free. If you're a foreigner, you will need to pay for the procedure.

List of Additional Resources

• Check out this list of LGBT organizations in Rome