Corée du Sud

INTRODUCTION

La Corée du Sud possède des services médicaux fantastiques et variés. Les contraceptifs peuvent être achetés en pharmacie sans ordonnance, mais vous aurez besoin d'une ordonnance pour la contraception d'urgence. Bien que beaucoup d'établissements proposent des tests de dépistage des IST/MST, il est important d'être prudente et de choisir des centres où les tests sont anonymes. Si vous êtes étrangère et que vous êtes testée positive pour le VIH/SIDA ou la syphilis, vous serez probablement expulsée du pays. Bien que l'avortement soit illégal, des femmes ont rapporté avoir pu obtenir des avortements secrètement. Si vous êtes enceinte et avez les moyens de voyager, il est conseillé d'avorter autre part, comme en Chine continentale, Hong Kong ou au Japon.

Pour les femmes cherchant de l'aide ou un refuge, il y a beaucoup d'endroits qui vous accueilleront à Séoul (voir en-dessous pour plus de détails). De plus, avec sa grande communauté d'expatriés, Séoul et la Corée du Sud en général ont beaucoup de ressources disponibles pour les anglophones et étrangers.

Contraception

Note : il existe de nombreux moyens de contraception, comme les DIU (dispositifs intra-utérins ou stérilets), les contraceptions orales, les patchs, les injections, les préservatifs, etc. Pour une liste complète, cliquez ici.

Lois et stigmatisation sociale

La contraception est légale en Corée du Sud, et on peut se la procurer sans prescription. Vous pouvez acheter un bon nombre de marques de contraceptifs, telles que Mercilon, sans prescriptions dans des pharmacies (si vous demandez au pharmacien). Cependant, certaines marques de contraceptifs nécessitent une ordonnance. Par exemple, une femme routarde a expliqué que des pharmaciens lui ont dit qu'elle avait besoin d'une ordonnance pour la pilule Jasmine.

En 2012, le président Pak Geun-Hye et son gouvernement conservateur ont annoncé que l'Agence Coréenne des Produits Alimentaires et Médicamenteux (Korean Food and Drug Administration (KFDA)) envisageait de reclasser les pilules contraceptives, ce qui les rendrait disponibles uniquement sur ordonnance. Cela a causé une indignation de la population et de grandes discussions en ligne sur le sujet. Trois mois plus tard, la proposition était abandonnée. Il a été décidé de suspendre le reclassement pendant trois ans -- et, jusqu'à ce jour, la suspension est toujours en cours. Comme rapporté dans Korea Bang, "A part l'argument du "choix de la femme à décider", une des raisons pour lesquelles les femmes coréennes s'inquiètent de la question est peut-être culturel: les femmes célibataires coréennes vont rarement chez le gynécologue. Même si très malades, elles seraient réticentes à aller dans une clinique gynécologique, craignant les regards désapprobateurs. Sans parler de la pression sociale sur les femmes coréennes qui les incite à rester sexuellement naïves."

Selon un rapport de l'ONU de 2015, 78,7% des femmes sud-coréennes (qui étaient mariées/en union et en âge de procréer) utilisaient une forme de contraception. Les méthodes les plus utilisées étaient les préservatifs (23,9%), la stérilisation masculine (16,5%), les DIU (12,6%), l'abstinence périodique (ou méthode Ogino) (9,7%), et la stérilisation féminine (5,8%). Dans le même temps, l'utilisation des pilules contraceptives était très faible, avec des estimations variant entre 2% et 2,8%. De plus, beaucoup d'hommes et de femmes ont dû se faire opérer dans le cadre des programmes de stérilisation forcée des années 1970 et 1980.

Que prendre et où le trouver

• Pour une liste complète des options de contraception en Corée du Sud, cliquez ici.
• En coréen, pilule contraceptive se dit 피임약 (prononcé "pi-im- yak"), et peuvent être achetées en pharmacie. La marque la plus répandue est Mercilon (머시론), produite par Merck (une compagnie pharmaceutique américaine). Cependant, vous trouverez beaucoup d'autres marques, telles qu'Alesse, Diane-35, Meliane, Minivlar, Minulet, Myvlar, Sexcon, Triquilar, Jasmine (Yasmin) et Yaz. Vous trouverez aussi 에이리스, qui est une option faiblement dosée en hormones, et qui coûte environ 10.000 won pour un pack de 21 pilules. Une autre marque possible est 멜리안정 (me-li-an-jung), mais des utilisatrices ont rapporté une baisse de libido suite à son utilisation. Vous trouverez aussi 센스리베.
• Vous pouvez acheter des préservatifs dans les commerces de proximité, pharmacies, Olive Young, Watson's, et parfois dans les distributeurs automatiques du métro.
• Vous pouvez apparemment vous procurer le Nuvaring en Corée du Sud, mais non n'avons pas plus d'informations sur le sujet (si quelqu'un peut nous en dire plus?)
• Si vous souhaitez le patch contraceptif, Evra (produit par Janssen-Cilag) devrait être disponible en Corée du Sud.
• Si vous souhaitez l'implant contraceptif, Implanon (produit par Merck) devrait être disponible en Corée du Sud.
• Pour les DIU en Corée du Sud, une intervenante sur Reddit écrit: "Les DIU sont super, mais le consensus là-bas, contrairement aux Etats-Unis, est qu'ils sont mauvais pour les femmes célibataires, vous aurez donc peut-être des difficultés à trouver un docteur qui considèrerait la question. Ici, un gynécologue a tenté fortement de me convaincre de faire retirer le mien." Help! Buying Birth Control in South Korea...</ref>

Voici un tableau utile transmis par une utilisatrice de Gynopédia (vous y trouverez des détails sur les pilules contraceptives disponibles):

	Nom du produit	Composition		Posologie	Comment acheter?
		Oestrogène	Progestérone
2ème génération	미니보라 (Minivlar) 쎄스콘 (Sexcon)	Ethinyl estradiol 0.03mg	Lévonorgestrel 0.15mg	Prenez un comprimé hormonal quotidiennement pendant 21 jours consécutifs. Puis, arrêtez pendant 7 jours consécutifs. Les saignements de retrait apparaissent généralement sous 2 ou 3 jours suivant l'arrêt de la pilule.	Sans ordonnance
	에이리스 (Alesse)	Ethinyl estradiol 0.02mg	Lévonorgestrel 0.1mg
	트리퀼라 (Triquilar)	Ethinyl estradiol 0.03/0.04/0.03mg	Lévonorgestrel 0.05/0.075/0.125mg
3ème génération	마이보라 (Myvlar) 미뉴렛 (Minulet)	Ethinyl estradiol 0.03mg	Gestodène 0.075mg
	멜리안 (Meliane) 디어미 (Dear Me) 센스리베 (Senslibe)	Ethinyl estradiol 0.02mg	Gestodène 0.075mg
	머시론 (Mercilon)	Ethinyl estradiol 0.02mg	Désogestrel 0.15mg
4ème génération	야스민 (Yasmin/Jasmine)	Ethinyl estradiol 0.03mg	Drospirénone 3mg		Uniquement sous ordonnance
	야즈 (Yaz)	Ethinyl estradiol 0.02mg	Drospirénone 3mg	Contient 28 comprimés. Vous devez prendre une pilule rose quotidiennement pendant 24 jours consécutifs, puis une pilule blanche quotidiennement du 25ème au 28ème jour.
	클래라 (Qlaira)	Estradiol valérate 3/2/1mg	Diénogest 2/3mg	Contient 28 comprimés. Ils doivent être pris dans l'ordre expliqué sur la plaquette, quotidiennement, au même moment de la journée. Un comprimé doit être pris quotidiennement pendant 28 jours consécutifs. Chaque plaquette suivante est à commencer le jour d'après le dernier comprimé de la plaquette précédente.

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Cliniques/Pharmacies recommandées:

• MediFlower Clinic près de 교대 a une très bonne réputation.

Coûts

Birth control pills are 6-8,000 won for one month’s supply.

Emergency Contraception (Morning After Pill)

Important Notes: Emergency contraception may prevent pregnancy for three days (72 hours) and sometimes five days (120 hours) after unprotected sex. Take EC as soon as possible after unprotected sex. If you don't have access to dedicated EC, oral contraceptives can be used as replacement EC, but remember the following: 1) Only some contraceptives work as EC 2) Different contraceptives require different dosages and time schedules to work as EC 3) You must only use the first 21 pills in 28-day packs and 4) They may be less effective than dedicated EC. For general information on emergency contraceptives, click here and here.

Laws & Social Stigmas

Morning after pills (사후 피임약) are only available with a prescription. As explained by the International Consortium for Emergency Contraception, "EC currently still requires a prescription. Although in August 2012 the Korean Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) decided to repeal an earlier initiative that would have approved EC for over-the-counter use, due to intense debate within the country among various stakeholders, the KFDA abandoned the reclassification initiative."

What to Get & Where to Get It

Note: The longest-lasting EC is currently ellaOne. It lasts up to 5 days (120 hours) after unprotected sex. Check to see if your country carries ellaOne. If your country doesn't carry ellaOne, copper IUDs may also prevent pregnancy up to 5 days after unprotected sex. If none of these options are available, and it's been over 3 days since you had unprotected sex, you can still take EC, which may work up to 5 days. Note that EC pills are not 100% effective and should be taken as soon as possible.

To get an EC prescription, you will need to go to a doctor. It is recommended to visit a women's clinic for the prescription rather than a hospital. You will find it especially difficult to secure an EC prescription at a Christian hospital. When you are seeking EC, it is customary that the doctor will ask some questions about your cycle, last period, etc. After they have written a prescription, you can bring it to a pharmacy ("yak-guk" in Korean).

For dedicated EC that is anti-progestin, there's ellaOne (take 1 pill within 120 hours after unprotected sex). For dedicated EC that is progestin only, there's After1, Norlevo One and Postinor 1 (take 1 pill within 120 hours after unprotected sex). There's also Levonia, Levonormin, MS Pill and Sexcon One&One (take 2 pills within 120 hours after unprotected sex). If you absolutely cannot secure emergency contraceptives, you can use some oral contraceptives as EC instead. In Korea, there's Minivlar or Sexcon (take 4 pills within 120 hours after unprotected sex and take 4 more pills 12 hours later) or Alesse (take 5 pills within 120 hours after unprotected sex and take 5 more pills 12 hours later).

Costs

The morning after pill should only cost between 10,000 and 20,000 won. The doctor's visit might cost around 10,000 won.

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs/STDs)

Important Notes - Learn about PEP and PrEP: If you think that you've been recently exposed to HIV (i.e. within 72 hours), seek out PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis). It's a month-long treatment to prevent HIV infection after exposure, and it may be available in your city. Take PEP as soon as possible. For more information, click here. If you are at risk of HIV exposure, seek out PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis). It's a daily oral pill that can prevent HIV infection before exposure. To learn more about PrEP, click here.

Laws & Social Stigmas

The South Korean government does not allow foreigners with HIV/AIDS or syphilis to enter the country. If you come as a tourist to South Korea, you will not be tested for HIV/AIDS. But, if you are a foreign teacher, you will typically be required to take an HIV test before working in Korea. If foreigners are found to be HIV+ or have syphilis, they will most likely be deported. As for locals with HIV/AIDS, there seems to be no special treatment centers in South Korea. There also no known distributors or trials for PrEP. The word for AIDS in Korean is 에이즈, or "eijeu." If you test positive for HIV or syphilis, and if you are a teacher, contact Legal Office For Foreign Teachers (LOFT) to discuss your options.

In Korean society, STI/STD tests do not appear to be common. Many people hold the perception that they are "clean" though they may have never been tested. While STD rates are lower, particularly for HIV/AIDS, than in many other countries, South Korea is certainly not STD-free, and people should always practice safe sex.

Testing Facilities

Please visit the city pages, like the Seoul and Busan pages, for local recommendations.

Remember: Anonymous testing is especially important in South Korea where foreigners can be deported for positive results.

Medications & Vaccines

What to Get & Where to Get It

• For nearly all medications in Korea, you need a prescription from a doctor.
• For yeast infection medication, you can ask for the "Canesten" at the pharmacy (though I believe you need a prescription first), which is similar to Monistat or Lotrimin. Pharmacies should have both the cream and suppository types of Canesten. The word for suppository in Korean is "좌약" (prounounced as "jwa yak").
• For UTIs, you will also need to see a doctor for treatment. Be sure to specify that you believe it is a UTI, otherwise the doctors may assume that you have an STI (due to the burning sensation).
• For herpes (수포진, or "supojin" in Korean), Valtrex is not readily available (as of 2012), but there is a generic version in Korea.
• Regarding HPV vaccines, the government approved Gardasil for females (ages 9-26) and males (9-15) in 2007. Since 2016, it has been a part of the National Immunization Program, and all children under 12 in South Korea receive the vaccination free of charge.
• Regarding HIV medication, the Korean government seems to bar foreigners with HIV/AIDS from entering the country. It also requires that all foreign teachers take HIV tests. If foreigners are found to be HIV+, they will most likely be deported. As for locals with HIV/AIDS, there seem to be no special treatment centers in South Korea.
• There also no known distributors or trials for PrEP. The word for AIDS in Korean is 에이즈, or "eijeu."

Menstruation

Note: In addition to pads and tampons, you can also use menstrual cups and menstrual underwear for your period. To learn more about menstrual cups, click here. To learn more about menstrual underwear, click here.

Laws & Social Stigmas

While tampons are available, they are not sold everywhere, as most South Korean women only use them for swimming.

What to Get & Where to Get It

• Pads are available at convenience stores, often sold in “bulky” sizes.
• Tampons with and without applicators are available but the brand selection is pretty limited.
• While menstrual cups can be difficult to find in South Korea, you have some options. There are some online retailers that sell menstrual cups, such as GMarket and iHerb, which sells DivaCup and ships to South Korea, according to this article. Also, here's an an article with instructions/helpful tips on ordering iHerb products from South Korea. Note that menstrual cups are still a new concept to many South Korean women. Finally, some people may choose to purchase menstrual cups abroad (for personal use) and bring them to South Korea. In the East Asian region, there are local sellers of menstrual cups in many countries/territories, such as Japan, Hong Kong, Malaysia and Singapore. You can check out this menstrual cup map as a starting point (it's not at all comprehensive but it's a useful reference). For more information on menstrual cups in South Korea, you can read this informative blog post (from 2010, in English) or this blog post (from 2010, in Korean), which went viral.

Gynecological Exams

What to Get & Where to Get It

• Medi-Flower OB/GYN Clinic - Recommended. Located next to the Seoul National University of Education Metro stop. The female Korean doctor speaks English.

Pregnancy

What to Get & Where to Get It

Check out this fantastic list of Hospitals and Birthing Centers in Korea, updated in 2016, and Doulas, Prenatal, Postpartum, and Breastfeeding Support in Korea, compiled in 2013. And here's a list of International Clinics and Hospitals in Seoul.

Abortion

Important Note: There are two main types of abortions: medical (also known as the "abortion pill") and surgical (also known as "in-clinic"). For medical abortions, you take a pill to induce abortion. For surgical abortions, a procedure is performed to induce abortion. For general information about medical and surgical abortions, click here.

Laws & Social Stigmas

Abortion is illegal in South Korea, except in special cases. While the original law in 1953 restricted all abortion, this was changed in 1973 under the Maternal and Child Health Law. With these changes, an abortion could be performed by a physician if 1) the pregnant woman or her spouse suffer from a hereditary mental/physical disease specified by Presidential Decree 2) the pregnant woman or her spouse suffer from a communicable disease specified by Presidential Decree 3) the pregnancy was caused by rape or incest 4) the continuation of the pregnancy threatens the woman's life. In all other cases, abortion is illegal and a woman who induces her own abortion may be subject to imprisonment for one year or a fine. Medical personnel who illegally induce an abortion may face up to two years of imprisonment.

However, Misoprostol (the abortion pill) seems to be available as Misel. It's not clear if you need to buy it online or if you can get it in select hospitals. To get abortion pill online, contact Women on Web for instructions. To try to find the pill or other services in Seoul, check out the next section below.

If you're interested in obtaining an abortion in an East Asian country with more lenient abortion laws, you may want to check out Japan, China, Hong Kong, or Vietnam.

If you would like to read personal accounts of getting an abortion in Korea, check out these links:

• Interview with someone who got an abortion in South Korea (2011)
• Abortion in Korea Story & Podcast
• My Abortion in Korea
• Story of Taking Misoprostol (abortion pill) in Korea
• Not a testimonial but a fabulous blog post with more details on the social/political factors at work

What to Get & Where to Get It

• Planned Parenthood Federation of Korea (PPFK): Youngdeungpo-gu dangsan-dong, 6ga 121-146 Seoul 150-808. Tel: +82(2) 467 8201, (2)2634 8211 . Fax: +82(2) 467 1394

• Hosan Hospital: To read a testimonial, please read this blog, which details the experience in two posts. Tel.: 546-3674, Address: 617-5 Shinsa-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul.

• Mirae Wha Heenang (Future and Hope) Clinic. Tel.: 3446-0011. 532-7 Shinsa-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul.

• Women on Web: Contact them for Misoprostol.

Advocacy & Counseling

What to Get & Where to Get It

• Center for Health and Social Change (건강과대안) : Provides a well-organized, feminist perspective contraceptive encyclopedia. TEL (02)747-6887 | FAX(02)3672-6887
• Emergency Support Centers for Migrant Women (이주여성긴급지원센터): Provides 24/7 emergency support and shelter services for all foreign women, regardless of nationality, who have been victims of family violence, sexual assault and prostitution. Counseling services in 11 languages (Korean, Vietnamese, Chinese, English, Tagalog, Russian, Thai, Mongolian, Cambodian, Uzebek, and Japanese). Telephone: 1577-1366 (no area code required when dialed from ANY type of phone within South Korea), Address: 3rd Floor, Central Place, Seosomunno, Jung-Gu, Seoul, Email: wm1366@naver.com or wm1366@hanmail.net.
• Emergency Call Line (Hotline) for Women(여성긴급전화): Tel 1577-1366 (available in English), Operating hours: 9p.m. - 9a.m.
• Seoul Shelter for Women: Shelter for homeless and intellectually disabled women in Seoul. Under the management of Sister Veronica Kim.
• Korea Legal Aid Corporation (대한법률 구조공단): Offers free legal advice regarding civil, family and sexual harassment. Tel 02-3482-0132 (may not have English speaker available).
• Ajou University Sexual Violence Counseling Center: Tel 031-219-1745 (may not have English speaker available). Website in Korean only. Email: helper@ajou.ac.kr
• Hanyang University Gender Inequality Center: Tel 02-2220-1444, 1783 (may not have English speaker available). Website supposedly has information in English, Chinese but looks to be only Korean on quick glance. Consulting can be done by phone and in person.
• Kookmin University Sexual Violence Counseling Center: Tel 02-910-4231~2 (may not have English speaker available). Website is in Korean only. Email: sangdam@kookmin.ac.kr. Consulting can be done by phone, e-mail and in person.
• Seoul National University Center for Sexual Assault Prevention: Tel 02-880-5073 (may not have English speaker available). Website is in Korean only. Email: helpyou@snu.ac.kr , online counseling in English is possible. Consulting can be done by phone, in person and e-mail.
• Yonsei University Sexual Violence Counseling Center: Tel 02-2123-2118 (may not have English speaker available). Website is in Korean only. Email: helpyou@yonsei.ac.kr. Consulting can be done by phone, in person and e-mail.

Note: Thanks to Korea4Expats for providing much of this information!