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Shanghai: Difference between revisions
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→Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs/STDs)
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===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ||
'''Important:''' Currently, if someone has HIV/AIDS, syphilis or gonorrhea, their STI status must be reported the national surveillance system, as stated by the Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases. This data is used to monitor STI rates. Some people seek out anonymous testing or self-testing kits. | |||
In a 2008 study of Shanghai migrant women, over 50%i agreed that people who acquired HIV through drugs or sex deserved it. Yet only 3.7% had ever been tested for HIV.<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3022510/ STIGMA AGAINST HIV-INFECTED PERSONS AMONG MIGRANT WOMEN LIVING IN SHANGHAI, CHINA]</ref> | In the 1950s, China launched mass campaigns to reduce STI rates and prostitution. However, Chinese society began to liberalize in the 1980s, bringing about urban development, increased nightlife entertainment, and increased sexual activity outside of marriage. During this period, STI rates grew. For example, syphilis, which had been eliminated in the 1960s in China, came back -- and, as found in 2011, it was one of the most common STIs in China.<ref>[http://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1741-7015-9-111 The epidemic of sexually transmitted infections in China: implications for control and future perspectives]</ref> Furthermore, the estimated number of people living with HIV in China rose from 350,000 in 2001 to 770,000 in 2009. Overall, HIV/AIDS prevalence is low in China. But certain areas are more heavily affected and, in 2009, AIDS became the leading cause of death among infectious diseases.<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4316807/ Reducing STD/HIV stigmatizing attitudes through community popular opinion leaders in Chinese markets] | ||
Chlamydia is the most common bacterial STI in China today. In 1999-2000, a study found that 2.1% of men and 2.6% of women were infected. The highest rates were found among female sex workers (infection rate of 16-18%). As for gonorrhea, while it is common for high-risk groups, rates have gone down over the past decade. Some studies show especially high herpes rates for pregnant women.<ref>[http://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1741-7015-9-111 The epidemic of sexually transmitted infections in China: implications for control and future perspectives]</ref> | |||
In China today, there is often strong social stigma regarding STIs/STDs. In a 2008 study of Shanghai migrant women, over 50%i agreed that people who acquired HIV through drugs or sex deserved it. Yet only 3.7% had ever been tested for HIV.<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3022510/ STIGMA AGAINST HIV-INFECTED PERSONS AMONG MIGRANT WOMEN LIVING IN SHANGHAI, CHINA]</ref> In 2016, another study concluded that "people who contracted HIV from 'blameless' routes (e.g., with stable partners) may have less stigmatized experience compared to people who contracted HIV from 'blamable' routes (e.g., injecting drug use, sex with sex workers).<ref>[http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0151078 Stigma against People Living with HIV/AIDS in China: Does the Route of Infection Matter?]</ref> | |||
===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ||