France: Difference between revisions

<translate>

'''OVERVIEW'''  

[[File:Flag of France.svg.png|300px | thumb|right|]]

In France, you will find a wealth of health care resources. Contraception (birth control) is widely accessible. You do need a prescription to obtain hormonal birth control, and some pharmacies will reject foreign prescriptions, but you'll generally find little issue purchasing contraceptives. Emergency contraception (the morning after pill) is available at pharmacies with no prescription required. There are no age restrictions and a variety of brands are available, including ellaOne.  

Regarding menstrual needs, you can find pads, tampons (including 100% cotton) and menstrual cups in France, such as DivaCup and Lunette. Note that tampons tend to often have no applicators and, if they do have applicators, they may be cardboard applicators.  

For pregnant women, France offers 16 weeks of maternity leave with 100% wage coverage. Those 16 weeks are split : 6 weeks before birth and 10 weeks after the date of presumed birth when you declared your pregnancy. You can also have the benefits of 2 weeks before the maternity leave if you have problems. Regarding abortion services, abortion is fully legal for 14 weeks of pregnancy/12 weeks of gestation. There are many clinics that provide abortions, and it's possible to even have your abortion covered by the state.

[[File:Ludeal ge france.jpg|200px | thumb|left|frame|'''Birth control pills purchased in France (€8 for a 3-month supply)''']]

'''General Note:''' There are many types of contraceptives, also known as "birth control," including IUDs, oral contraceptives, patches, shots, and condoms, etc. If you would like to view a full list, click [https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control here].

In France, you need a prescription to obtain hormonal birth control. According to some accounts, French pharmacies accept foreign prescriptions. Other accounts have stated that French pharmacies do not accept foreign prescriptions, so this ultimately seems to be a case-by-case basis. If you speak some French, this may increase your chances of successfully using a foreign prescription. Meanwhile, condoms are widely available and commonly used; it's estimated that France has the third most prevalent condom use of all countries in the world.<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/viewer?mid=1CHn6J3MIZbMD2fHhX-gt3n9wOA4&hl=en_US Most Prevalent Condom Use Around the World]</ref>

Here is a [http://www.pinkpangea.com/2012/02/getting-birth-control-in-france/ personal testimonial] about getting birth control in France.

* For a list of contraceptive options available in France, click [http://contraceptive.ippf.org/search?search.searchtext=&search.component=&search.countrycode=FR here].

* If you don't yet have a prescription for birth control, it can be easily obtained by visiting an ob/gyn even your local physician or a physician midwife can deliver your prescription. If you have a foreign prescription, you should bring your prescription and an empty packet, if possible, to a pharmacist for refill. You can say, “Pourriez-vous me dépanner avant que j’obtienne une nouvelle ordonnance?” They may sell you a 1-3 month supply, especially if you promise to go to a doctor soon.

* You can get an '''IUD'''. We know Mirena is available, but we don't know which other brands are available.

Without French insurance (Sécu), most brands of the pill will cost between 2 and 15 euro for a month's supply. If you have Sécu, some pill brands are partially covered, along with Depo-Provera and diaphragms. The patch, rings (like Nuvaring), spermicide and cervical caps are not covered by Sécu, so you'll need to pay 100%.<ref>[http://www.blog.parisunraveled.com/what-kinds-of-contraception-are-readily-available-in-france/ What kinds of contraception are readily available in France?]</ref>

'''Important Notes:''' Emergency contraception may prevent pregnancy for three days (72 hours) and sometimes five days (120 hours) after unprotected sex. Take EC '''as soon as possible''' after unprotected sex. If you don't have access to dedicated EC, oral contraceptives can be used as replacement EC, but remember the following: 1) Only some contraceptives work as EC 2) Different contraceptives require different dosages and time schedules to work as EC 3) You must only use the first 21 pills in 28-day packs and 4) They may be less effective than dedicated EC. For general information on emergency contraceptives, click [https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/morning-after-pill-emergency-contraception here] and [http://ec.princeton.edu/info/ecp.html here].

In France, you can obtain emergency contraception (the morning after pill: "pilule du lendemain") without a prescription. There are no age restrictions.

You can obtain EC in pharmacies and family planning centers. There are also some French websites where you can buy EC online.

* If you want emergency contraception (the morning after pill in France). You can purchase ellaOne (take 1 pill within 120 hours after unprotected sex). It's currently considered the most effective EC available.<ref>[http://ec.princeton.edu/worldwide/ Princeton EC Website]</ref>

* Other dedicated emergency contraception brands that you can find in France are Levonorgestrel Biogaran 1500 (available from a pharmacist without a prescription; take 1 pill within 120 hours after unprotected sex) and NorLevo 1.5mg (available from a pharmacist without a prescription; take 1 pill within 120 hours after unprotected sex). You can also take Anthia (available from a pharmacist without a prescription; take 2 pills within 120 hours after unprotected sex).<ref>[http://ec.princeton.edu/worldwide/ Princeton EC Website]</ref>

* If you get an IUD, it can also prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex. You should visit the "Contraception (Birth Control)" section for details.

LNG: € 6,75 (as of 2013); UPA: € 18,88 (as of 2015). If you have a prescription, 65% of EC costs are reimbursed. You can typically get EC for free at family planning clinics or if you're under 18.

'''Important Notes - Learn about PEP and PrEP:''' If you think that you've been recently exposed to HIV (i.e. within 72 hours), seek out PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis). It's a month-long treatment to prevent HIV infection after exposure, and it may be available in your city. Take PEP as soon as possible. For more information, click [https://www.aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/prevention/reduce-your-risk/post-exposure-prophylaxis/ here]. If you are at risk of HIV exposure, seek out PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis). It's a daily oral pill that can prevent HIV infection before exposure. To learn more about PrEP, click [http://www.whatisprep.org/ here].

Note about PEP: in France, PEP is given at most within 48 hours. If you've been exposed, go to the Emergency service of the nearest public hospital to get it. It is fully covered but the social security. In case of problems, call Sida Info Service (0800 840 800, free call from landline).

In France, there are no travel restrictions related to HIV status. You can enter the country without presenting medical certificates. If you take a test ad learn that you're HIV positive, and if you're a foreigner, you will not be deported. French hospitals are required to treat anyone in need, and high-quality specialized treatment centers can be found at university hospitals. <ref>[http://www.hivtravel.org/Default.aspx?PageId=143&CountryId=70 FRANCE - REGULATIONS ON ENTRY, STAY AND RESIDENCE FOR PLHIV]</ref> Furthermore, in Paris, there appears to be very little social stigma attached to STI testing. It is seen as a normal and healthy choice made by responsible adults.

Regarding HPV, according to the HPV Information Centre, it's estimated that 4.7% of French women are infected with HPV-16/18. Furthermore, 75.6% of invasive cervical cancer cases in France are attributed to HPV 16 or HPV 18. Fortunately, the country has a nationwide vaccination program.<ref>[http://www.hpvcentre.net/statistics/reports/FRA_FS.pdf France: Human Papillomavirus and Related Cancers, Fact Sheet 2016]</ref>

In French, AIDS is "SIDA" (Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise), HIV is "VIH" (Virus de l'immunodéficience humaine) and HIV-positive person is "séropositif" (male) or "séropositive" (female).

For local recommendations, visit the city pages, like the [[Paris]] page.

* [http://www.soshepatites.org/ SOS Hepatites]: This is a hepatitis group that is a member of the World Hepatitis Alliance. T: +33 143 672 640. Address: 190 Bd de Charonne. 75020, Paris, France.  

* [http://www.aides.org  AIDES National]: This is a national AIDS organization that provides social support, legal support, needle exchange, etc. Address: Tour Essor, 14, rue Scandicci, 93508 Pantin, Phone: +33 1 4183 4646.

* [http://www.lecrips.net/ Site du C.R.I.P.S.]: This French-language site has a list of worldwide events related to HIV/AIDS, hepatitis, etc.

Free and anonymous testing places are available in big enough cities. In other areas, or for quicker results, any doctor can fill up a prescription for a test that can be taken at a local lab. In this latter case, both the visit to the doctor and the tests are 65% covered by the social security.

* If you have a yeast infection, you can ask the pharmacist for Fluconazole.

* The word for "(UTI) urinary traction infection" in French is: "IVU (Infection des voies urinaires)." For a female urine sample, you can say "Prélèvement ďurine chez la femme."

* In France, there has been a national HPV vaccination program since 2007. It targets young people, ages 11-14.<ref>[http://www.hpvcentre.net/statistics/reports/FRA_FS.pdf France: Human Papillomavirus and Related Cancers, Fact Sheet 2016]</ref>

'''Note:''' In addition to pads and tampons, you can also use menstrual cups and menstrual underwear for your period. To learn more about menstrual cups, click [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menstrual_cup here]. To learn more about menstrual underwear, click [http://menstrualcupreviews.net/best-period-panties-reviews/ here].

You can buy pads, tampons and menstrual cups in France. For pads and tampons, you'll find them in grocery stores, chain store markets and in some pharmacies. You can find 100% cotton tampons in health food stores, but they're more expensive. If you're looking for menstrual cups, they are available in many pharmacies and stores in Paris and other French cities. You can also buy DivaCups at [http://www.boutiquebio.fr Boutique Bio], [http://www.raniania.fr Raniana] or [http://www.vivre-mieux.com Vivre-Mieux.com]. For LadyCups, check out [http://fr.ladyteen.eu/ LadyTeen], [http://www.ladycup.fr/ LadyCup.fr,] and [http://www.ctoobio.com CTOOBIO]. For Lunette, check out [http://lunacopine.fr/ Lunacopine].

Note that it's much more common to see tampons without applicators, like OB, than tampons with applicators. If you do find tampons with applicators, there will be a good chance that they are cardboard applicators.

If you use cups, there is a crowd-sourced database of cupsafe places: [https://cleanyourcup.com/localisation/france Clean Your Cup]. Cupsafe places are places like pubs, restaurants, museums, libraries, universities, whose toilets are equiped with a tap on the inside to rinse the cup freely.

You can either do a gynecological exam (and pap test) with a "gynécologue"(gynecologist), with a "médecin généraliste" (physician), or with a "sage-femme" (midwife). And you can consult a "centre de planning familial", a family planning and advisory centre for advice and support.

The consultation cost is 28 €  with a gynecologist and 23 € with a midwife. Both are partially covered if you have the french Sécu.

The Planning familial is free if you are a minor (under 18).

You have to pay for extra. For exemple, if you need a pap test, you have to pay 15,40 €.

In France, women receive 16 weeks of maternity leave with 100% wage coverage.

'''Important Note:''' There are two main types of abortions: medical (also known as the "abortion pill") and surgical (also known as "in-clinic"). For medical abortions, you take a pill to induce abortion. For surgical abortions, a procedure is performed to induce abortion. For general information about medical and surgical abortions, click [https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/abortion here].

In France, abortion, or "“Interruption Volontaire de Grossesse” (IVG), is legal for up to 14 weeks after pregnancy (i.e. week 12 of gestation, week 14 after first day of last menstrual period). During this period, all reasons for an abortion are accepted, including to save the life of the woman, to preserve physical health, to preserve mental health, rape or incest, risk of fetal impairment, economic or social reasons, or available on request. However, there are certain protocols to follow. Before a voluntary abortion, women are advised to seek counseling. If they are non-emancipated minors, they are required to seek counseling. During this consultation, women will meet with a person who "has satisfied qualified training as a marriage counselor or any other qualified person in a facility for information, consultation, or family counseling, a center for planning or family education, a social service, or another approved organization." Once the consultation is complete, women will receive a certificate of counseling. If minors wish to keep this consultation confidential or not share this information with their parents, they may choose any adult to serve as a referral.<ref>[http://worldabortionlaws.com/map/ World Abortion Laws: France]</ref>

As stated in the law, "If, after the consultations provided for in articles L. 2212-3 and L. 2212-4, the woman renews her request for a termination of pregnancy, the physician must request a written confirmation from her; he may only accept this confirmation after the expiration of a week following the first request of the woman, except when the term of twelve weeks risks being passed.  This confirmation can only occur after the expiration of a delay of two days following the discussion provided for in article L. 2212-4; this delay may be included in that of the week provided for above."<ref>[http://worldabortionlaws.com/map/ World Abortion Laws: France]</ref>

In terms of facilities and physicians, physicians are not required to perform voluntary abortions. However, if they refuse to offer services, they must inform prospective patients of facilities/physicians that will perform abortions. Note that abortions may only take place in health facilities, public hospitals or private hospitals. The only exception is if an agreement has been made between the practitioner or a center for family education, family planning or a health center, and legal facilities will be determined by the State Council.<ref>[http://worldabortionlaws.com/map/ World Abortion Laws: France]</ref>

French abortion laws were significantly liberalized in 2014. In the past, abortions were only permitted when continuing the pregnancy would put “her in a situation of distress.” With the changes, signed by  French President François Hollande, women could access abortions on request.<ref>[http://time.com/3086892/france-abortion-law-gender-equality/ France Eases Abortion Restrictions in Sweeping Equality Law]</ref>

As detailed in a UN Report, "The most recent development in French abortion law was occasioned by the activities of a small number of anti-abortion protesters.  In the early 1990s, they began a campaign of harassment of clinics where abortions were performed and of persons performing abortions.  They blockaded and invaded a number of hospitals and tried to discourage individual physicians from performing abortions.  To respond to such attacks, the Government in late 1992 enacted legislation establishing new criminal penalties in the Penal Code to combat disruptive activities.  Under these provisions, persons who prevent or attempt to prevent a voluntary termination of pregnancy by disrupting access to or the free movement of persons into and out of clinics or hospitals by threatening or engaging in any act of intimidation against medical and non-medical personnel are subject to fines and imprisonment.  The provisions also apply to acts directed towards abortion counselling and requests for abortion and allow organizations established to protect the right to contraception and abortion to join as a party in suits brought against such obstruction."<ref>[http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/abortion/profiles.htm Abortion Profiles: France]</ref>

If you are seeking an abortion in France, you should first visit a physician, a gynecologist or a midwife. They will give you a counseling session (which is optional if you're an adult) and a medical certificate and order an ultrasound scan (to date the pregnancy). Then, you'll need to renew your request on a second appointment. They can usually speed up the process if you're close to the 12 week gestation deadline.

Under France's social security, abortions (medical or surgical) are 100% covered, if the practitioner's prices are Secteur 1 “tarif conventionné.”  The recommended follow-up visits, which typically happen 3 weeks after the abortion, are also covered.<ref>[http://www.blog.parisunraveled.com/can-you-get-an-abortion-in-france/ Can You Get an Abortion in France?]</ref>

* [http://centrelgbtparis.org/ Centre LGBT, Paris]

* [https://www.hrw.org/about-paris-office Human Rights Watch - Paris Office]

* [http://womeninwar.org/wordpress/ Women in War]: "a non-profit organization and think-tank focusing on the role of gender in armed conflict." Established in Paris in 2008 by international feminist academics.

<references />

{{#seo:

|title=Gynopedia