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(Created page with "{{setLocation |Country=Kenya |City=Mombasa }} '''OVERVIEW''' ==Contraception (Birth Control)== '''General Note:''' There are many types of contraceptives, also known as "b...") |
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'''OVERVIEW''' | '''OVERVIEW''' | ||
In Kenya, health care accessibility will greatly vary depending on the region. In larger cities, regular contraceptives (birth control) and emergency contraceptives (the morning after pill) are legal and do not require a prescription. However, general usage of contraceptives tends to be low. For STI tests, it is recommended to visit Better2Know as an affordable option, or there are some private clinics and laboratories that are available. You can find various menstrual products in Nairobi, including menstrual cups, but it's most common to find pads. In Kenya, a 3-month maternity leave period is granted. Abortion is only permitted under very specific circumstances, making it generally illegal to most women. This has created an underground illegal abortion business, causing serious health complications and fatalities for women. It is recommended that one exercises extreme caution before seeking out unauthorized abortion providers. | |||
==Contraception (Birth Control)== | ==Contraception (Birth Control)== | ||
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===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ||
In Kenya, you can buy contraceptives (birth control) without a prescription. | |||
Over the last decade, Kenyan women have increasingly used contraception. In 2003, it was estimated that 39.3% of Kenyan women were using some form of contraceptive, with 7.5% on hormonal birth control pills, 16% using injectables/implants and 6.3% using the rhythm method, among other methods.<ref>[http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0193123.html Prevalence of Contraceptive Use in Selected Countries]</ref> Later, in 2008, it was found that 53.6% of Kenyan women used some form of modern birth control.<ref>[http://www.cecinfo.org/country-by-country-information/status-availability-database/countries/kenya/ EC Status and Availability: Kenya]</ref> Most recently, in 2015, it was found that 57.4% of Kenyan women (who were married/in unions and of reproductive age) were using some form of contraception, including traditional methods, and 18.5% had unmet family planning needs. The most common forms of contraception were injectables (28.1%), implants (10.8%), pills (8.6%) and IUDs (3.5%). There were low rates of condom usage (1.9%).<ref>[http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/family/trendsContraceptiveUse2015Report.pdf Trends in Contraceptive Use 2015]</ref> | |||
Traditionally, men have played a large role in family planning. Husbands may have rejected the usage of contraceptives, so birth control pills (which women needed to take everyday and were publicly visible) were not always viable.<ref>[http://www.unfpa.org/news/family-planning-kenya-not-women-only Family Planning in Kenya: Not For Women Only]</ref> In the last few years, the Kenyan government issued new guidelines around family planning and contraceptive use. According to these new guidelines, community health workers could provide contraceptive injections to women, as well as providing more activities around advocacy and awareness.<ref>[http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/More-women-Kenya-using-birth-control-/-/2558/2704266/-/42iy6j/-/index.html More women in Kenya using birth control as counties drum up support]</ref> | |||
As a result, the contraceptive usage rate began to increase. Women liked that, with contraceptive shots or implants, they didn't have to remember to take a pill everyday, and they could discreetly receive the treatment without their husbands being involved or, in some cases, even aware. In the last few years, poor women in urban centers have especially increased their contraceptive use.<ref>[http://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/DN2/Use-of-contraceptives-on-the-rise-among-Kenya-s-urban-poor/957860-3050450-mtejyi/index.html Use of contraceptives on the rise among Kenya’s urban poo]</ref> However, the community workers still feel that there's plenty of work to do. Women in more rural or remote areas still have very low contraceptive use (for example, 2% of women in Mandera and Wajir counties were reported to use contraception).<ref>[http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/More-women-Kenya-using-birth-control-/-/2558/2704266/-/42iy6j/-/index.html More women in Kenya using birth control as counties drum up support]</ref> | |||
===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ||
* For a comprehensive list of contraceptive (birth control) options in Kenya, click [http://contraceptive.ippf.org/search?search.searchtext=&search.component=&search.countrycode=KE here]. | |||
* In Kenya, you can find over 10 brands of '''birth control pills''', including combined and phasic pills. Some of the brands you can expect to see are Diane, Logynon, Marvelon, Mercilon, Microgynon, Microgynon-30, Microlut, Microval, Nordette and Trinordiol.<ref>[http://contraceptive.ippf.org/search?search.searchtext=&search.component=&search.countrycode=KE IPPF Kenya]</ref> | |||
* If you want an '''IUD''', you can find Mirena in Kenya.<ref>[http://contraceptive.ippf.org/search?search.searchtext=&search.component=&search.countrycode=KE IPPF Kenya]</ref> | |||
* If you want a '''contraceptive injectable/shot''', you can find Depo-Provera, Megestron, Norigynon and Noristerat in Kenya.<ref>[http://contraceptive.ippf.org/search?search.searchtext=&search.component=&search.countrycode=KE IPPF Kenya]</ref> | |||
* If you want a '''contraceptive implant''', you can find Implanon, Jadelle and Norplant in Kenya.<ref>[http://contraceptive.ippf.org/search?search.searchtext=&search.component=&search.countrycode=KE IPPF Kenya]</ref> | |||
* If you go to [http://www.mariestopes.or.ke/contraceptives Marie Stopes Kenya], you can find condoms, birth control pills, injectables, implants, IUDs, tubal litigation services and vasectomy services. Marie Stopes is an international NGO that provides low-cost and accessible health care to women in many parts of the world. Toll Free Phone Number: 0800 720005. Email: info@mariestopes.or.ke | |||
===Costs=== | ===Costs=== | ||
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===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ||
In Kenya, emergency contraception (morning after pill) is legal. No prescription is required and there are no age restrictions. The lowest cadre of workers allowed to dispense EC is nurses. | |||
===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ||
'''Note:''' The longest-lasting EC is currently [http://www.ellaone.com/ ellaOne]. It lasts up to 5 days (120 hours) after unprotected sex. Check to see if your country carries ellaOne. If your country doesn't carry ellaOne, copper IUDs may also prevent pregnancy up to 5 days after unprotected sex. If none of these options are available, and it's been over 3 days since you had unprotected sex, you can still take EC, which may work up to 5 days. Note that EC pills are not 100% effective and should be taken as soon as possible. | '''Note:''' The longest-lasting EC is currently [http://www.ellaone.com/ ellaOne]. It lasts up to 5 days (120 hours) after unprotected sex. Check to see if your country carries ellaOne. If your country doesn't carry ellaOne, copper IUDs may also prevent pregnancy up to 5 days after unprotected sex. If none of these options are available, and it's been over 3 days since you had unprotected sex, you can still take EC, which may work up to 5 days. Note that EC pills are not 100% effective and should be taken as soon as possible. | ||
''Dedicated Products / Progestin Only | |||
Take 2 pills within 120 hours after unprotected sex:''<ref>[http://ec.princeton.edu/worldwide/ Princeton EC Website]</ref> | |||
* ECee2 | |||
* Emcon | |||
* Levo-72 | |||
* Levogest | |||
* P2 | |||
* Postinor-2 | |||
* Smart Lady (Pregnon) | |||
* Truston-2 | |||
''Oral Contraceptives used for EC / Progestin Only | |||
* Take 50 pills within 120 hours after unprotected sex:''<ref>[http://ec.princeton.edu/worldwide/ Princeton EC Website]</ref> | |||
* Microlut | |||
* Microval | |||
''Oral Contraceptives used for EC / Progestin-Estrogen Combined | |||
Note: in 28-day packs, only the first 21 pills can be used | |||
Take 2 pills within 120 hours after unprotected sex and take 2 more pills 12 hours later:''<ref>[http://ec.princeton.edu/worldwide/ Princeton EC Website]</ref> | |||
* Eugynon | |||
* Neogynon | |||
''Take 4 pills within 120 hours after unprotected sex and take 4 more pills 12 hours later:''<ref>[http://ec.princeton.edu/worldwide/ Princeton EC Website]</ref> | |||
* Lo-Rondal | |||
* Microgynon | |||
* Microgynon-30 | |||
* Nordette | |||
===Costs=== | ===Costs=== | ||
"A small survey of several pharmacies in Nairobi found prices between KSh 100 and Ksh 200, equivalent to $1.15 – 2.30 (July 2013),"<ref>[http://www.cecinfo.org/country-by-country-information/status-availability-database/countries/kenya/ EC Status and Availability: Kenya]</ref> according to the International Consortium for Emergency Contraception. | |||
==Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs/STDs)== | ==Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs/STDs)== | ||
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===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ||
There are no known travel restrictions for people with HIV or any other STIs. | |||
===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ||
====Testing Facilities==== | ====Testing Facilities==== | ||
* [https://www.better2know.com/kenya/ Better2Know Kenya]: Multiple locations in Kenya. "Having an STI test can be a worrying time. Better2Know are experts in sexual health. We help people like you every year to get fast results and help them get treated, if they test positive. We test for a wide range of STIs including: HIV, Chlamydia, Gonorrhoea, Syphilis, Herpes, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and some infections you may not have heard of such as: ureaplasma, mycoplasma, gardenerella and trichomonas. You can test for these infections individually or choose one of our screens or profiles." | |||
* [http://www.mariestopes.or.ke/sti-hiv-testing Marie Stopes Kenya]: "At MSK you will have a confidential consultation with a nurse who will discuss your concerns and recommend any tests. We recommend making an appointment for a comprehensive sexual health screening with includes HIV and STI testing for both women and men, as well as a pap smear for women. Marie Stopes has 23 centres across Kenya, to make an appointment for an HIV test, STI screening or comprehensive sexual health screening book online or call us toll free 0800 720005." | |||
* Jomvu: This clinic is included in the AIDS Healthcare Foundation Global Directory, so they should either provide HIV tests or be able to direct you to a clinic that does. Address: Along Jomvu Mikanjuni Road, next to Hakika Container Depot, opp. Mombasa Apparel, EPZ Mombasa, Kenya. Phone: (+254) 787468614 | |||
* Kongowea MCM: This clinic is included in the AIDS Healthcare Foundation Global Directory, so they should either provide HIV tests or be able to direct you to a clinic that does. Address: Next to Kongowea Soko Mombasa, Kenya. Phone: (+254) 712108094 | |||
* Likoni: This clinic is included in the AIDS Healthcare Foundation Global Directory, so they should either provide HIV tests or be able to direct you to a clinic that does. Address: Likoni-Lunga Lunga Highway, 1Km from the ferry, before Police Corner, Mombasa, Kenya. Phone: (+254) 722532213 | |||
* Mikindani: This clinic is included in the AIDS Healthcare Foundation Global Directory, so they should either provide HIV tests or be able to direct you to a clinic that does. Address: In Mikindani Changamwe District, off Nairobi-Mombasa Road, along Mikindani main road, near Kongowea Ndogo Stage, opposite Mikindani Pharmacy, Mombasa, Kenya. Phone: (+254) 787468614 | |||
* Mlaleo: This clinic is included in the AIDS Healthcare Foundation Global Directory, so they should either provide HIV tests or be able to direct you to a clinic that does. Address: Mlaleo-Kisauni area off Mombasa-Malindi Road along Karisa-Maitha Road, Mlaleo CDF, Mombasa, Kenya. Phone: (+254) 712108094 | |||
* Mtongwe: This clinic is included in the AIDS Healthcare Foundation Global Directory, so they should either provide HIV tests or be able to direct you to a clinic that does. Address: South Coast off Likoni-Lungalunga Highway along Kenya Navy Road, next to Mtongwe Private School, Mombasa, Kenya. | |||
Phone: (+254) 715130574 | |||
* Portreitz: This clinic is included in the AIDS Healthcare Foundation Global Directory, so they should either provide HIV tests or be able to direct you to a clinic that does. Address: Address: 3km from Moi International Airport. From the airport, after 1.5km take the first right turn and drive along that road until the road ends. Port Reitz Hospital gate is at end of road. Mombasa, Kenya. Phone: (+254) 724285057 | |||
* Shika Adabu: This clinic is included in the AIDS Healthcare Foundation Global Directory, so they should either provide HIV tests or be able to direct you to a clinic that does. Address: South Coast along Likoni Lungalunga Highway opposite Shika-Adabu Chief's Office, Mombasa, Kenya. Phone: (+254) 715130574 | |||
* Soko: This clinic is included in the AIDS Healthcare Foundation Global Directory, so they should either provide HIV tests or be able to direct you to a clinic that does. Address: Kongowea Area off Nyali Road along Kongowea-Karama Road opp. Kongowea Diesel petrol station, cream building 1st floor, Mombasa, Kenya. Phone: (+254) 712108094 | |||
====Support==== | ====Support==== | ||
* [http://www.coptichospital.org Nairobi Coptic Hope Center]: Ngong Road, P.O.Box 21570, Nairobi, Phone: +254 272 5856, E-mail: mattwa@copticmission.org | |||
* [http://www.faces-kenya.org/ Kisumu FACES]: Kisumu at Lumumba Health Centre, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840, Kisumu, Phone +254 20 2722541, Fax +254 20 2720030 | |||
* [http://www.mkomani.org/ Mombasa]: Bomu Medical Centre | |||
* Association of People With AIDS in Kenya: E-mail Tapwak@kenyaonline.com | |||
* Family Health International: E-mail fhikenya@fhi.or.ke | |||
* Society on AIDS in Africa: P.O. Box 63 355, Phone: +254 2 711 331, Fax: +254 2 741 383 | |||
===Costs=== | ===Costs=== | ||
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===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ||
* If you have a yeast infection, you can ask the pharmacist for Fluconazole, which is antifungal medication. If they don't have Fluconazole, they may be able to find something that is similar. | |||
===Costs=== | ===Costs=== | ||
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===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ||
In Kenya, you should be able to access pads, tampons and menstrual cups. You can find pads and tampons (with or without applicators) at major chain stores, such as Nakumatt. Generally speaking, pads will be much easier to find than tampons. You can expect to see brands like Always, Kotex and OB. But remember that, in smaller villages, you won't have such easy access to pads and tampons. | |||
For menstrual cups, you may be able to access MoonCup through Maureen Maina (P.O.Box 18677 - 00500, Nairobi, Kenya , Telephone : +254 720 007738 , e-mail: maureenmaina1@yahoo.com) or Sajni Shah (Telephone : +254 735 061985, e-mail: shahsajni@hotmail.com). You can also get Lunette, another menstrual cup, through [http://www.thecup.org/ The Cup Foundation], which is "a non-profit organization with a mission to educate and empower girls living in challenging environments by giving them life skills training and access to menstrual cups," and they are listed as an official vendor on the Lunette website. However, if you want DivaCup or LadyCup, there are no known sellers in Kenya, so those brands should be bought online. | |||
===Costs=== | ===Costs=== | ||
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===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ||
In Kenya, the laws permit a 3-month maternity leave with full payment. For men, a 2-week paternity leave is permitted. Women cannot be released from work by employers due to their maternity status.<ref>[http://www.mywage.org/kenya/home/labour-laws/maternity-work/maternity-paternity-leave Maternity Leave: Kenya]</ref> | |||
===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ||
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===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ||
In Kenya, abortion is only legal under certain circumstances, which include: to save the life of the woman, to preserve physical health or to preserve mental health. As stated by Article 26 of the Constitution, "Abortion is not permitted unless, in the opinion of a trained health professional, there is a need for emergency treatment, or the life or health of the mother is in danger, or if permitted by any other written law."<ref>[http://eaclj.org/about-us/7-fida-and-kclf-landscaped-comparison.html East African Center for Law & Justice: Abortion in Kenya]</ref> This means that other reasons, including rape or incest, fetal impairment, economic or social reasons or by request, are not permitted. Furthermore, for an abortion to be legal, the woman and her spouse must both consent. Furthermore, two medical opinions (one from a physician and one from a psychiatrist) must approve the abortion before it's performed. The abortion must take place in a hospital.<ref>[http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/abortion/profiles.htm UN Report: Abortion in Kenya]</ref> | |||
As reported by the International Women's Health Coalition in 2014, "Despite these greater legal rights, women in Kenya are still forced to resort to unsafe methods. As in many countries where abortion is or has been highly restricted, there is a dearth of access to and information about safe abortion in Kenya. Women continue to ingest herbs or other drugs or seek out untrained “quacks” who perform surgical procedures using unsterilized equipment in unsanitary conditions."<ref>[https://iwhc.org/2014/05/working-promise-safe-abortion-services-kenya/ Working for the Promise of Safe Abortion in Kenya]</ref>. | |||
In 2013, a Guttmacher Institute study found that "More than three-quarters of women who were treated for post-abortion care had moderate or severe complications, including high fever, sepsis, shock, or organ failure, which can require extensive treatment or hospitalization. Delays in seeking care and reporting to the provider that they interfered with the continuation of their pregnancy were highly associated with the severity of complications. Furthermore, "Kenya has a relatively high case-fatality rate of 266 deaths per 100,000 unsafe procedures."<ref>[https://www.guttmacher.org/fact-sheet/womens-lives-matter-preventing-unsafe-abortion-kenya Women’s Lives Matter: Preventing Unsafe Abortion in Kenya]</ref> Yet abortions continue. According to estimates, about one fifth of pregnancies in Kenya are terminated each year. Unfortunately, only 16% of Kenyan delivery institutions can perform vacuum aspiration, the surgical abortion method recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Generally, about half of all abortions are performed in private facilities, which are typically three times as expensive as public facilities, thereby hindering abortions for many low-income women.<ref>[http://eaclj.org/about-us/7-fida-and-kclf-landscaped-comparison.html East African Center for Law & Justice: Abortion in Kenya]</ref> | |||
===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ||
* [http://www.mariestopes.or.ke/ Marie Stopes Kenya]: Seems to perform abortions for $25 to $60 (as of 2011). Has many centers in Nairobi and throughout Kenya. "Since 1985 MSK has prided itself in providing a wide range of high quality, affordable and client- centered reproductive services to men, women and young people." | |||
* [http://thenairobihosp.org/ Nairobi Hospital]: Performs abortions but very expensive - about $1000 (as of 2011). Address: Argwings Kodhek Rd, Nairobi, Kenya, Hours: Open 24 hours, Phone: +254 20 2845000.<ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/us-kenya-backstreet-abortions-idUSTRE79O4XV20111025 Kenya backstreet abortions kill thousands each year]</ref> | |||
* [https://www.facebook.com/safe.choice.1 Aunty Jane Kenya Safe Choice]: Check out the Facebook page or email: kenyanwomenonwaves@gmail.com | |||
===Costs=== | ===Costs=== | ||
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==List of Additional Resources== | ==List of Additional Resources== | ||
* African Women Link: PO Box 50795, Nairobi, Kenya. | |||
* African Women's Communication And Development Network: P.O. Box 54562, Nairobi, Kenya, Tel: 254-2-440299, Fax: 254-2-443868 | |||
* Binti Legacy, Loita House (feminist bookstore): Loita Street, Nairobi, Kenya, Tel: +254.2.33.0854, Fax: +254.2.33.0854 | |||
* Coalition on Violence Against Women (COVAW): Ngong Road, near Adams Arcade, P O Box 7631, Nairobi, Kenya, Tel: 254-2-574357/8, Fax: 254-2-574253, Email: covaw@iconnect.co.ke | |||
* Council For Economic Empowerment Of Women In Africa: P.O. Box 42542, Nairobi, Kenya, (254-2) 226742, (254-2) 340367 | |||
* East Africa Women's League (EAWL): P.O.Box: 40308, Nairobi, Kenya | |||
* Education Centre for Women in Democracy: P.O. Box 62714 , Nairobi, Kenya, Tel: +254 2 562 304 or +254 2 570 386, Fax: +254 2 561 316, E-mail: ecwd@arcc.or.ke | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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|title=Gynopedia | |title=Gynopedia | ||
|titlemode=append | |titlemode=append | ||
|keywords=contraception, birth control, emergency contraception, morning after pill, std test, sti test | |keywords=mombasa, kenya, contraception, birth control, emergency contraception, morning after pill, std test, sti test, treatment, medications, pharmacies, abortion, clinic, tampons, women's health | ||
|description=Find sexual, reproductive and women's health care in | |description=Find sexual, reproductive and women's health care in Mombasa. | ||
}} | }} | ||