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Australia: Difference between revisions

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===Laws & Social Stigmas=== <!--T:30-->
===Laws & Social Stigmas=== <!--T:30-->


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If you are applying for permanent Australian visa, you will be required to take an HIV test. If you are found to be HIV+, this will not automatically disqualify you but it will be included in the criteria used to assess your application.<ref>[HIV Travel: Australia]</ref>
If you are applying for permanent Australian visa, you will be required to take an HIV test. If you are found to be HIV+, this will not automatically disqualify you but it will be included in the criteria used to assess your application.<ref>[HIV Travel: Australia]</ref>


===Testing Facilities=== <!--T:34-->
===Testing Facilities=== <!--T:34-->


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* You can get STI/STD tests from most doctors, family planning clinics, or sexual healths clinics in Australia. Check out the city pages, such as [[Melbourne]] and [[Sydney]] pages, for specific recommendations.  
* You can get STI/STD tests from most doctors, family planning clinics, or sexual healths clinics in Australia. Check out the city pages, such as [[Melbourne]] and [[Sydney]] pages, for specific recommendations.  
* HIV self-administered test kits (home HIV test kits) are not sold in individual pharmacies although the kit was actually introduced in Australia in 2014 following the government lifting restrictions of self-testing, direct to consumer kits. But these kits have not yet been approved by the TgA (The Therapeutic Goods Administration which falls under the Department of Health in Australia).  Hence, because they have not yet been regulated or approved by the TGA they are currently not legally allowed to be sold or exported. When it comes HIV testing in Australia, the choice is between Rapid HIV testing, which has TGA approval, but is limited to clinical situations and must be carried out by appropriately trained workers and laboratory based tests, which involve a medical blood draw and laboratory analysis of the sample.
* HIV self-administered test kits (home HIV test kits) are not sold in individual pharmacies although the kit was actually introduced in Australia in 2014 following the government lifting restrictions of self-testing, direct to consumer kits. But these kits have not yet been approved by the TgA (The Therapeutic Goods Administration which falls under the Department of Health in Australia).  Hence, because they have not yet been regulated or approved by the TGA they are currently not legally allowed to be sold or exported. When it comes HIV testing in Australia, the choice is between Rapid HIV testing, which has TGA approval, but is limited to clinical situations and must be carried out by appropriately trained workers and laboratory based tests, which involve a medical blood draw and laboratory analysis of the sample.
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* There are companies, for example INSTI®, that provide rapid HIV screening testing kits online anywhere in Australia but, in the case of INSTI® the company is Canadian and based in Canada. Positive HIV screening results will require further testing by a laboratory/clinic which can actually diagnose the disease.
* There are companies, for example INSTI®, that provide rapid HIV screening testing kits online anywhere in Australia but, in the case of INSTI® the company is Canadian and based in Canada. Positive HIV screening results will require further testing by a laboratory/clinic which can actually diagnose the disease.


===Support===
===Support=== <!--T:89-->


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* [http://www.ahmf.com.au Australian Herpes Management Forum]
* [http://www.ahmf.com.au Australian Herpes Management Forum]
* [https://www.afao.org.au/ Australian Federation of AIDS Organisations]
* [https://www.afao.org.au/ Australian Federation of AIDS Organisations]
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* [http://www.easydna.com.au/knowledge-base/home-hiv-testing-in-australia/ Laws and Info for HIV home kits]
* [http://www.easydna.com.au/knowledge-base/home-hiv-testing-in-australia/ Laws and Info for HIV home kits]


===Costs===
===Costs=== <!--T:91-->


==Medications & Vaccines== <!--T:39-->
==Medications & Vaccines== <!--T:39-->


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[[File:Priceline Pharmacy Australia.jpg|300px | thumb|left|A pharmacy in Australia]]
[[File:Priceline Pharmacy Australia.jpg|300px | thumb|left|A pharmacy in Australia]]


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===What to Get & Where to Get It=== <!--T:41-->
===What to Get & Where to Get It=== <!--T:41-->


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* For yeast infections, you should be able to buy Canesten in Australia pharmacies or online at [http://www.chemistwarehouse.com.au/Shop-Online/1402/Thrush-Treatments Chemist Warehouse]. Regarding the HPV vaccine, Australia is incredibly proactive and has vaccination programs in place for both girls and boys. For more info on Australia's HPV vaccination program, check out [http://www.australia.gov.au/hpv this link]. For most STI/STD medications, you will need to first visit a physician for a prescription, which you can then usually fill at hospitals or pharmacies.  
* For yeast infections, you should be able to buy Canesten in Australia pharmacies or online at [http://www.chemistwarehouse.com.au/Shop-Online/1402/Thrush-Treatments Chemist Warehouse]. Regarding the HPV vaccine, Australia is incredibly proactive and has vaccination programs in place for both girls and boys. For more info on Australia's HPV vaccination program, check out [http://www.australia.gov.au/hpv this link]. For most STI/STD medications, you will need to first visit a physician for a prescription, which you can then usually fill at hospitals or pharmacies.  
* '''Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)''' is available, but the drugs are extremely expensive and require a medical prescription. You can order the drug online as importation is permitted under the Personal Importation Scheme Rules set by the Therapeutic Goods Administration. Only a three month supply for personal use is permitted. According to PrEPWatch: "There are three ongoing demonstration projects in Australia—VicPrEP in MSM, transgender women, heterosexual serodiscordant couples and people who received N-PEP on more than two occasions; PRELUDE in men and women at high and ongoing risk of HIV; and EPIC-NSW enrolling high-risk, mostly gay and bisexual men in New South Wales. A fourth demonstration project, PrEPX, will start later this year. The Therapeutic Goods Administration has approved daily oral Truvada for HIV prevention."<ref>[http://www.prepwatch.org/australia/ PrEP Watch: Australia]</ref>
* '''Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)''' is available, but the drugs are extremely expensive and require a medical prescription. You can order the drug online as importation is permitted under the Personal Importation Scheme Rules set by the Therapeutic Goods Administration. Only a three month supply for personal use is permitted. According to PrEPWatch: "There are three ongoing demonstration projects in Australia—VicPrEP in MSM, transgender women, heterosexual serodiscordant couples and people who received N-PEP on more than two occasions; PRELUDE in men and women at high and ongoing risk of HIV; and EPIC-NSW enrolling high-risk, mostly gay and bisexual men in New South Wales. A fourth demonstration project, PrEPX, will start later this year. The Therapeutic Goods Administration has approved daily oral Truvada for HIV prevention."<ref>[http://www.prepwatch.org/australia/ PrEP Watch: Australia]</ref>
* You can be assessed for '''Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)''' at sexual health clinics, doctors (including some general practitioners) who specialise in HIV/AIDS, and hospital accident and emergency departments (which are open 24 hours). There are sexual health (MSHC) centres, which are walk-in clinics providing testing and treatment for sexually transmissible infections. For people with a relevant visa, that have applied for permanent residency or are a visitor from a reciprocal health care agreement country, treatment is given for free, if they hold a Medicare card. You can call PEP Information Line (1800 889 887) for more information.
* You can be assessed for '''Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)''' at sexual health clinics, doctors (including some general practitioners) who specialise in HIV/AIDS, and hospital accident and emergency departments (which are open 24 hours). There are sexual health (MSHC) centres, which are walk-in clinics providing testing and treatment for sexually transmissible infections. For people with a relevant visa, that have applied for permanent residency or are a visitor from a reciprocal health care agreement country, treatment is given for free, if they hold a Medicare card. You can call PEP Information Line (1800 889 887) for more information.


===Costs===  
===Costs=== <!--T:94-->


==Menstruation==
==Menstruation== <!--T:95-->


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<!--T:46-->
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===What to Get & Where to Get It=== <!--T:58-->
===What to Get & Where to Get It=== <!--T:58-->


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* [http://homebirthaustralia.org/ Home Birth Australia]: "HBA is the peak national body for Homebirth in Australia. We are consumers, midwives and related health professionals committed to ensuring the survival of homebirth as a birth option for Australian women." email: info@homebirthaustralia.org
* [http://homebirthaustralia.org/ Home Birth Australia]: "HBA is the peak national body for Homebirth in Australia. We are consumers, midwives and related health professionals committed to ensuring the survival of homebirth as a birth option for Australian women." email: info@homebirthaustralia.org
* [http://www.maternitychoices.org.au/ Maternity Choices Australia]: "We aim to see all women, no matter their circumstances have access to a number of maternity care choices that are based on respectful, women-centred care and are modelled and delivering care that is formed on best evidence."
* [http://www.maternitychoices.org.au/ Maternity Choices Australia]: "We aim to see all women, no matter their circumstances have access to a number of maternity care choices that are based on respectful, women-centred care and are modelled and delivering care that is formed on best evidence."
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In Australia, abortion laws are determined by state or territory. You can check out this [https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/reproductivechoiceaustralia/pages/89/attachments/original/1501309922/AbortionLawSummaryWithMap_August2017.pdf?1501309922  infographic map of the laws], put together by Reproductive Choice Australia, to learn more about the laws for each state.
In Australia, abortion laws are determined by state or territory. You can check out this [https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/reproductivechoiceaustralia/pages/89/attachments/original/1501309922/AbortionLawSummaryWithMap_August2017.pdf?1501309922  infographic map of the laws], put together by Reproductive Choice Australia, to learn more about the laws for each state.


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In the state of Victoria, abortion is permitted for up to 24 weeks of pregnancy. After 24 weeks, it is legal if two physicians agree that it is appropriate. All standard reasons for an abortion are permitted, including: to save the life of the woman, to preserve physical health, to preserve mental health, rape or incest, fetal impairment, economic or social reasons, and available on request. Furthermore, Mifepristone (the abortion pill) was registered in 2012. The abortion laws in Victoria have been in place since the Abortion Law Reform Act (2008). Before that time, the Victorian Crimes Act, abortions were only permitted if the pregnancy threatened the life of health of the woman.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abortion_Law_Reform_Act_2008_(Victoria) Abortion Law Reform Act 2008 (Victoria)]</ref>
In the state of Victoria, abortion is permitted for up to 24 weeks of pregnancy. After 24 weeks, it is legal if two physicians agree that it is appropriate. All standard reasons for an abortion are permitted, including: to save the life of the woman, to preserve physical health, to preserve mental health, rape or incest, fetal impairment, economic or social reasons, and available on request. Furthermore, Mifepristone (the abortion pill) was registered in 2012. The abortion laws in Victoria have been in place since the Abortion Law Reform Act (2008). Before that time, the Victorian Crimes Act, abortions were only permitted if the pregnancy threatened the life of health of the woman.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abortion_Law_Reform_Act_2008_(Victoria) Abortion Law Reform Act 2008 (Victoria)]</ref>


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In Queensland, abortion laws changed in 2018, when the state’s parliament voted to legalize abortion upon request.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2018/oct/17/queensland-parliament-votes-to-legalise-abortion Queensland parliament votes to legalise abortion]</ref>  
In Queensland, abortion laws changed in 2018, when the state’s parliament voted to legalize abortion upon request.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2018/oct/17/queensland-parliament-votes-to-legalise-abortion Queensland parliament votes to legalise abortion]</ref>  


<!--T:99-->
In the state of New South Wales, abortion is technically a criminal offense. However, it is legally permitted in most scenarios, which include: when there is a medical, social, or economic reason that causes a "serious danger" to a pregnant person's life, or when negative health consequences may be felt by the pregnant person after the birth of the child. These rules are very general and broad, meaning that most people are able to find legal means of obtaining an abortion in New South Wales, even if abortion is technically not fully legal.<ref>[https://www.clinic66.com.au/pregnancy-termination-abortion/abortion-legal-australia/ Is Abortion Legal in Australia?]</ref>
In the state of New South Wales, abortion is technically a criminal offense. However, it is legally permitted in most scenarios, which include: when there is a medical, social, or economic reason that causes a "serious danger" to a pregnant person's life, or when negative health consequences may be felt by the pregnant person after the birth of the child. These rules are very general and broad, meaning that most people are able to find legal means of obtaining an abortion in New South Wales, even if abortion is technically not fully legal.<ref>[https://www.clinic66.com.au/pregnancy-termination-abortion/abortion-legal-australia/ Is Abortion Legal in Australia?]</ref>


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Visit the city pages for recommended hospitals and clinics.
Visit the city pages for recommended hospitals and clinics.


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Queensland based organisation, Children by Choice, maintains a list of larger providers on their website.   
Queensland based organisation, Children by Choice, maintains a list of larger providers on their website.   
Queensland services here: https://www.childrenbychoice.org.au/forwomen/abortion/clinicsqld  
Queensland services here: https://www.childrenbychoice.org.au/forwomen/abortion/clinicsqld  
Other states and territories here: https://www.childrenbychoice.org.au/forwomen/abortion/clinicsinterstate   
Other states and territories here: https://www.childrenbychoice.org.au/forwomen/abortion/clinicsinterstate   


<!--T:101-->
Please note that General Practitioners can provide medical terminations in primary care practices and community health centres, however often don't want to advertise this for fear of anti-choice picketers or other activities. Check with the Family Planning organisation in the state or territory you are in to find your closest provider.
Please note that General Practitioners can provide medical terminations in primary care practices and community health centres, however often don't want to advertise this for fear of anti-choice picketers or other activities. Check with the Family Planning organisation in the state or territory you are in to find your closest provider.


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