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In Nepal, you can purchase oral contraception (birth control pills) without a prescription.<ref>[http://ocsotc.org/wp-content/uploads/worldmap/worldmap.html Global Oral Contraception Availability]</ref> <ref>[http://freethepill.org/where-on-earth/ Free the Pill: Where on Earth?]</ref> According to a 2015 report, it's estimated that 52.4% of Nepalese women (who are of reproductive age and married or in unions) use some form of contraception, including traditional methods, and 23.9% have unmet family planning needs.<ref>[http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/family/trendsContraceptiveUse2015Report.pdf Trends in Contraceptive Use Worldwide 2015]</ref> This shows a slight change over 2011 data, collected by Nepal Population and Housing census, which found that 49.7% of women took any form of contraception and that 27% had unmet family planning needs.<ref>[http://www.searo.who.int/entity/maternal_reproductive_health/documents/nep-mmr.pdf?ua=1 Nepal and Family Planning: An overview]</ref> In 2015, the most common forms of contraception were female sterilization (18.3%), injectables (13.2%), birth control pills (4.8%), male sterilization (4.8%) and withdrawal, also known as the "pull-out method" (3.9%). It was found that only 3.8% of Nepali women used condoms as their primary form of contraception. Meanwhile, there was very low usage of IUDs (1.7%) and contraceptive implants (1.3%).<ref>[http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/family/trendsContraceptiveUse2015Report.pdf Trends in Contraceptive Use Worldwide 2015]</ref> | In Nepal, you can purchase oral contraception (birth control pills) without a prescription.<ref>[http://ocsotc.org/wp-content/uploads/worldmap/worldmap.html Global Oral Contraception Availability]</ref> <ref>[http://freethepill.org/where-on-earth/ Free the Pill: Where on Earth?]</ref> According to a 2015 report, it's estimated that 52.4% of Nepalese women (who are of reproductive age and married or in unions) use some form of contraception, including traditional methods, and 23.9% have unmet family planning needs.<ref>[http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/family/trendsContraceptiveUse2015Report.pdf Trends in Contraceptive Use Worldwide 2015]</ref> This shows a slight change over 2011 data, collected by Nepal Population and Housing census, which found that 49.7% of women took any form of contraception and that 27% had unmet family planning needs.<ref>[http://www.searo.who.int/entity/maternal_reproductive_health/documents/nep-mmr.pdf?ua=1 Nepal and Family Planning: An overview]</ref> In 2015, the most common forms of contraception were female sterilization (18.3%), injectables (13.2%), birth control pills (4.8%), male sterilization (4.8%) and withdrawal, also known as the "pull-out method" (3.9%). It was found that only 3.8% of Nepali women used condoms as their primary form of contraception. Meanwhile, there was very low usage of IUDs (1.7%) and contraceptive implants (1.3%).<ref>[http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/family/trendsContraceptiveUse2015Report.pdf Trends in Contraceptive Use Worldwide 2015]</ref> | ||
For Nepalese women, it's common get married at a young age, sometimes in the teen or adolescent years. For the majority of the population, which is Hindu, the marriage is typically arranged. However, "love marriages" are becoming increasingly popular in Nepal. Regardless of whether a marriage is arranged or a "love marriage," many women have their first child at a young age. According to studies, over half of married women in Nepal do not want any more children. Over the past few decades, contraceptives have become more prevalent in Nepalese society. In fact, NGOs and local organizations distribute contraceptives to women in Nepal.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2012/jul/07/zoe-williams-nepal-contraception-pregnancy Zoe Williams: how contraception is rocking Nepalese society]</ref> Over the past few decades, Nepal has seen a drop in its fertility rates, going from 5.1 births per woman in 1985 to 2.6 births per woman in 2011.<ref>[http://www.searo.who.int/entity/maternal_reproductive_health/documents/nep-mmr.pdf?ua=1 Nepal and Family Planning: An overview]</ref> According to some sources, Nepalese society does not carry an overwhelmingly negative stigma toward contraception. Yet it should also be noted that Nepal is still very much a patriarchal society, where married women usually live in the house of their husband and follow the rules dictated by their mother-in-law, husband and other men in their lives. For this reason, not all women have the agency or autonomy to make such choices on their own.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2012/jul/07/zoe-williams-nepal-contraception-pregnancy Zoe Williams: how contraception is rocking Nepalese society]</ref> | For Nepalese women, it's common to get married at a young age, sometimes in the teen or adolescent years. For the majority of the population, which is Hindu, the marriage is typically arranged. However, "love marriages" are becoming increasingly popular in Nepal. Regardless of whether a marriage is arranged or a "love marriage," many women have their first child at a young age. According to studies, over half of married women in Nepal do not want any more children. Over the past few decades, contraceptives have become more prevalent in Nepalese society. In fact, NGOs and local organizations distribute contraceptives to women in Nepal.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2012/jul/07/zoe-williams-nepal-contraception-pregnancy Zoe Williams: how contraception is rocking Nepalese society]</ref> Over the past few decades, Nepal has seen a drop in its fertility rates, going from 5.1 births per woman in 1985 to 2.6 births per woman in 2011.<ref>[http://www.searo.who.int/entity/maternal_reproductive_health/documents/nep-mmr.pdf?ua=1 Nepal and Family Planning: An overview]</ref> According to some sources, Nepalese society does not carry an overwhelmingly negative stigma toward contraception. Yet it should also be noted that Nepal is still very much a patriarchal society, where married women usually live in the house of their husband and follow the rules dictated by their mother-in-law, husband and other men in their lives. For this reason, not all women have the agency or autonomy to make such choices on their own.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2012/jul/07/zoe-williams-nepal-contraception-pregnancy Zoe Williams: how contraception is rocking Nepalese society]</ref> | ||
===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ||
* You can purchase '''condoms''' in Nepal at pharmacies, general stores, certain department stores and non-governmental organizations, like Marie Stopes International. There are also locally-produced condom brands, such as [http://crs.org.np/page.php?title=dzire-dotted-condom Dzire Dotted Condom] and [http://crs.org.np/page.php?title=dhaal-deluxe-condoms Dhaal Deluxe Condoms], which are produced by Nepal CRS Company. If you go to [http://www.mariestopes.org.np/en/faq/men/contraception/male-condoms?section=men Marie Stopes Nepal], you'll probably get Jodi Condoms, which is the condom brand that MSI International endorses. Finally, if you prefer to purchase condoms online, there are certain online retailers that sell condoms to the Nepalese market and can deliver condoms to your Nepalese address. Some of these online companies are [https://www.meroshopping.com/condom Mero Shopping], which sells brands like Ocean Premium, Kohinoor Moods, or [https://www.caretobeauty.com/np/condoms/?limit=all Care to Beauty], which sells Durex condoms. However, if you purchase online, the price for a box of condoms will typically be much higher than if you purchase them in person in a Nepalese pharmacy or store. | * You can purchase '''condoms''' in Nepal at pharmacies, general stores, certain department stores and non-governmental organizations, like Marie Stopes International. There are also locally-produced condom brands, such as [http://crs.org.np/page.php?title=dzire-dotted-condom Dzire Dotted Condom] and [http://crs.org.np/page.php?title=dhaal-deluxe-condoms Dhaal Deluxe Condoms], which are produced by Nepal CRS Company. If you go to [http://www.mariestopes.org.np/en/faq/men/contraception/male-condoms?section=men Marie Stopes Nepal], you'll probably get Jodi Condoms, which is the condom brand that MSI International endorses. Finally, if you prefer to purchase condoms online, there are certain online retailers that sell condoms to the Nepalese market and can deliver condoms to your Nepalese address. Some of these online companies are [https://www.meroshopping.com/condom Mero Shopping], which sells brands like Ocean Premium, Kohinoor Moods, or [https://www.caretobeauty.com/np/condoms/?limit=all Care to Beauty], which sells Durex condoms. You can also buy condoms from [https://kinmelmall.com Kinmell Mall], an emerging e-commerce company in Nepal that sells condoms. However, if you purchase online, the price for a box of condoms will typically be much higher than if you purchase them in person in a Nepalese pharmacy or store. | ||
* You can purchase '''oral contraceptives (birth control pills)''' without a prescription at pharmacies. Some of the international brands you can expect to see are Duoluton L, Ovral, Lo-Femenal and Nordette.<ref>[http://ec.princeton.edu/ Princeton EC Website]</ref> You can also find [http://crs.org.np/page.php?title=nilocon-white Nilocon White], which is a low-dose oral contraceptive that was launched by Nepal CRS Company in the 1980s, and it may only be available in Nepal. | * You can purchase '''oral contraceptives (birth control pills)''' without a prescription at pharmacies. Some of the international brands you can expect to see are Duoluton L, Ovral, Lo-Femenal and Nordette.<ref>[http://ec.princeton.edu/ Princeton EC Website]</ref> You can also find [http://crs.org.np/page.php?title=nilocon-white Nilocon White], which is a low-dose oral contraceptive that was launched by Nepal CRS Company in the 1980s, and it may only be available in Nepal. | ||
* You can get an '''IUD''' in Nepal. If you have issues with your IUD (such as cramping, pain, etc), you can call Meri Saathi Free Helpline on 16600119756 (ntc) or 9801119756. | * You can get an '''IUD''' in Nepal. If you have issues with your IUD (such as cramping, pain, etc), you can call Meri Saathi Free Helpline on 16600119756 (ntc) or 9801119756. | ||
* You can get '''contraceptive implants''', including brands like Norplant and Jadelle, at government hospitals and health care organizations. For Nepalese women, it's often totally free.<ref>[Conversation with Kathmandu gynecologist, 2017]</ref>. At private doctor's clinics, | * You can get '''contraceptive implants''', including brands like Norplant and Jadelle, at government hospitals and health care organizations. For Nepalese women, it's often totally free.<ref>[Conversation with Kathmandu gynecologist, 2017]</ref>. At private doctor's clinics, Jadelle typically retails for the price of Rs. 350, according to Nepal CRS Company.<ref>[http://crs.org.np/page.php?title=jadelle Jadelle]</ref> | ||
* You can get the '''contraceptive shot/injectable''' in Nepal, which usually goes under the name Sangini. It typically retails for around Rs.50 per vial. To learn more about Sangini in Nepal, click [http://www.crs.org.np/page.php?title=sangini-depoprovera here]. | * You can get the '''contraceptive shot/injectable''' in Nepal, which usually goes under the name Sangini. It typically retails for around Rs.50 per vial. To learn more about Sangini in Nepal, click [http://www.crs.org.np/page.php?title=sangini-depoprovera here]. | ||
===Costs=== | ===Costs=== | ||
* '''Condoms''' - If you go to Marie Stopes Nepal, you can probably get a box of condoms for a reduced price or free. If you go to a Nepalese store, you can | * '''Condoms''' - If you go to Marie Stopes Nepal, you can probably get a box of condoms for a reduced price or free. If you go to a Nepalese store, you can purchase Dhaal Deluxe Condoms for about Rs. 5, as of 2017.<ref>[http://crs.org.np/page.php?title=dhaal-deluxe-condoms Dhaal Deluxe Condoms]</ref> For a box of Dzire Dotted Condoms, you can expect to pay Rs. 35 at Nepalese stores, as of 2017.<ref>[http://crs.org.np/page.php?title=dzire-dotted-condom Dzire Dotted Condoms].</ref> However, if you would like to buy condoms online, you can expect to pay anywhere between Rs.50-Rs.2300 for a box of condoms. | ||
* '''Birth Control Pills''' - For Nicolon White, you can expect to pay around Rs. 50 for a one-month supply (as of 2017). For Duoluton L, you can expect to pay Rs. 223.2 for a one-month supply (as of 2017). | * '''Birth Control Pills''' - For Nicolon White, you can expect to pay around Rs. 50 for a one-month supply (as of 2017). For Duoluton L, you can expect to pay Rs. 223.2 for a one-month supply (as of 2017). | ||
* '''Contraceptive Implants''' - Depending on where you go, you can expect to pay no money (free) to around Rs. 350. Note that prices may be different for non-Nepalese citizens. | * '''Contraceptive Implants''' - Depending on where you go, you can expect to pay no money (free) to around Rs. 350. Note that prices may be different for non-Nepalese citizens. | ||
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[[File:Morningafterpillnepal.jpg|300px | thumb|left|frame|'''One brand of the morning after pill in Nepal''']] | [[File:Morningafterpillnepal.jpg|300px | thumb|left|frame|'''One brand of the morning after pill in Nepal''']] | ||
'''Important Notes:''' Emergency contraception may prevent pregnancy for three days (72 hours) and sometimes five days (120 hours) after unprotected sex. Take EC '''as soon as possible''' after unprotected sex. If you don't have access to dedicated EC, oral contraceptives can be used as replacement EC, but remember the following: 1) Only some contraceptives work as EC 2) Different contraceptives require different dosages and time schedules to work as EC 3) You must only use the first 21 pills in 28-day packs and 4) They may be less effective than dedicated EC. For general information on emergency contraceptives, click [https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/morning-after-pill-emergency-contraception here] and [http://ec.princeton.edu/info/ecp.html here]. | '''Important Notes:''' Emergency contraception may prevent pregnancy for three days (72 hours) and sometimes five days (120 hours) after unprotected sex. Take EC '''as soon as possible''' after unprotected sex to prevent pregnancy. If you don't have access to dedicated EC, oral contraceptives can be used as replacement EC, but remember the following: 1) Only some contraceptives work as EC 2) Different contraceptives require different dosages and time schedules to work as EC 3) You must only use the first 21 pills in 28-day packs and 4) They may be less effective than dedicated EC. For general information on emergency contraceptives, click [https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/morning-after-pill-emergency-contraception here] and [http://ec.princeton.edu/info/ecp.html here]. | ||
===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ||
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* [https://mariestopes.org/where-we-work/nepal/ Marie Stopes Nepal]: This NGO focuses on sexual and reproductive health care for women around the globe. They often provide free or low-cost STI tests, and they have over 30 centers in Nepal. You should contact them to find the center that's closest to you. Address: Marie Stopes Nepal, Baluwatar, GPO Box 11254, Kathmandu, Nepal. Phone: (+977) 01 4419 371 / 01 4439 681. Email: msi@msinepal.org.np | * [https://mariestopes.org/where-we-work/nepal/ Marie Stopes Nepal]: This NGO focuses on sexual and reproductive health care for women around the globe. They often provide free or low-cost STI tests, and they have over 30 centers in Nepal. You should contact them to find the center that's closest to you. Address: Marie Stopes Nepal, Baluwatar, GPO Box 11254, Kathmandu, Nepal. Phone: (+977) 01 4419 371 / 01 4439 681. Email: msi@msinepal.org.np | ||
* [http://rakshanepal.org/ Raksha Nepal]: This is a nonprofit that provides HIV/AIDS testing and prevention services. The organization focuses on ending the sexual exploitation on women and girls. Address: Kathmandu Metropolitan 29, Lainchaur Bagmati Nepal. Phone: +977-1-4437552. Email: info@rakshanepal.org | * [http://rakshanepal.org/ Raksha Nepal]: This is a nonprofit that provides HIV/AIDS testing and prevention services. The organization focuses on ending the sexual exploitation on women and girls. Address: Kathmandu Metropolitan 29, Lainchaur Bagmati Nepal. Phone: +977-1-4437552. Email: info@rakshanepal.org | ||
'''Government (Public) Hospitals''' | |||
* Bir ART Clinic: This clinic is included in the AIDS Healthcare Foundation Global Directory, so they should either provide HIV tests or be able to direct you to a clinic that does. Furthermore, Bir Hospital is the oldest hospital in Nepal. Address: Bir Hospital, Mahaboudha, Kathmandu, Nepal | |||
'''Private Hospitals''' | '''Private Hospitals''' | ||
* [http://www.grandehospital.com/department/infectious-diseases Grande International Hospital]: This private hospital will most likely be more expensive than public hospitals, or perhaps even some other private ones. However, if you do want a hospital/clinic that specializes in helping foreigners, this is an option. For an appointment, call +977 15159266, 015159267ENGLISHENG | * [http://www.grandehospital.com/department/infectious-diseases Grande International Hospital]: This private hospital will most likely be more expensive than public hospitals, or perhaps even some other private ones. However, if you do want a hospital/clinic that specializes in helping foreigners, this is an option. For an appointment, call +977 15159266, 015159267ENGLISHENG | ||
* [http://ciwec-clinic.com/service-location/kathmandu/ CIWEC Clinic]: This is another private clinic that provides specialty services for foreigners. They do HIV tests and | * [http://ciwec-clinic.com/service-location/kathmandu/ CIWEC Clinic]: This is another private clinic, established in 1982, that provides specialty services for foreigners. They do HIV tests and other laboratory tests. Open 24 hours. They are known to be higher quality but also more expensive. | ||
===Support=== | ===Support=== | ||
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===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ||
Since March 2002, abortion has been legal in Nepal under the 11th Amendment to the Civil Code.<ref>[https://www.womenonwaves.org/en/page/4886/nepal--abortion-law Nepal: Abortion law]</ref> According to the law, abortion is legally available upon request during the first 12 weeks of gestation. This means that, for all women, they can obtain an abortion for nearly all reasons during this period. Furthermore, younger women should be turned away or discriminated against because of their age.<ref>[http://asap-asia.org/blog/10-things-you-should-know-about-abortion-service-in-nepal/#sthash.N4ez5hnq.dpbs 10 Things To Know about Abortion Services in Nepal]</ref> However, it is illegal to request an abortion due to the sex of the child.<ref>[https://www.womenonwaves.org/en/page/4887/nepal--organizations-and-clinincs Women on Waves - Nepal: Organizations and clinics]</ref> After 18 weeks of gestation, abortion is only legal if the pregnancy | Since March 2002, abortion has been legal in Nepal under the 11th Amendment to the Civil Code.<ref>[https://www.womenonwaves.org/en/page/4886/nepal--abortion-law Nepal: Abortion law]</ref> According to the law, abortion is legally available upon request during the first 12 weeks of gestation. This means that, for all women, they can obtain an abortion for nearly all reasons during this period. Furthermore, younger women should not be turned away or discriminated against because of their age.<ref>[http://asap-asia.org/blog/10-things-you-should-know-about-abortion-service-in-nepal/#sthash.N4ez5hnq.dpbs 10 Things To Know about Abortion Services in Nepal]</ref> However, it is illegal to request an abortion due to the sex of the child.<ref>[https://www.womenonwaves.org/en/page/4887/nepal--organizations-and-clinincs Women on Waves - Nepal: Organizations and clinics]</ref> After 18 weeks of gestation, abortion is only legal if the pregnancy was caused by rape or incest. It should be noted that, if any time in the pregnancy, a physician believes that an abortion is advisable, or if the pregnant woman's physical or mental health is at stake, or if there is serious risk of fetal malformation, an abortion can also be legally permitted.<ref>[http://asap-asia.org/blog/10-things-you-should-know-about-abortion-service-in-nepal/#sthash.N4ez5hnq.dpbs 10 Things To Know about Abortion Services in Nepal]</ref> | ||
===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ||
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==List of Additional Resources== | ==List of Additional Resources== | ||
* [http://www.nesog.org.np/ Nepal Society Of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (NESOG)] | |||
* [http://www.fpan.org/ Family Planning Association of Nepal (FPAN)]: "Key areas of emphasis include adolescents' sexual and reproductive health, HIV and AIDS prevention and treatment, safe abortion, advocacy for sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), the prevention of gender-based violence (GBV) and support for its victims, and the promotion of access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information and services to marginalized and under-served groups." | |||
* [http://mariestopes.org.np/ Marie Stopes Nepal]: They provide contraception, sexual health services, abortion services to women, men, and youth. Phone: +977 01660 011 9756 (free on NTC network) / 0980 111 9756 (free on Ncell network) | |||
* Click [http://www.equaldex.com/region/nepal here] to learn about LGBTQ rights in Nepal. | * Click [http://www.equaldex.com/region/nepal here] to learn about LGBTQ rights in Nepal. | ||
* [https://wsdonepal.com/ Women's Skills Development Association]: "We are a Fair Trade Organization which has been working since 1975 as a non-profit and income-generating program for economically disadvantaged, disabled, abused, single and outcast women from rural Nepal, supporting them to be self-supportive and independent." Address: Women's Skills Development Organization: Chautara Marg, Simalchour 8, Pokhara, Nepal. Phone: +977 61 534 025 or 980 282 1686 | * [https://wsdonepal.com/ Women's Skills Development Association]: "We are a Fair Trade Organization which has been working since 1975 as a non-profit and income-generating program for economically disadvantaged, disabled, abused, single and outcast women from rural Nepal, supporting them to be self-supportive and independent." Address: Women's Skills Development Organization: Chautara Marg, Simalchour 8, Pokhara, Nepal. Phone: +977 61 534 025 or 980 282 1686 | ||
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* [https://www.womankind.org.uk/where-we-work/nepal WomanKind Nepal]: "Womankind Worldwide is a global women’s rights organisation working in solidarity and equal partnership with women’s rights organisations and movements to transform the lives of women." | * [https://www.womankind.org.uk/where-we-work/nepal WomanKind Nepal]: "Womankind Worldwide is a global women’s rights organisation working in solidarity and equal partnership with women’s rights organisations and movements to transform the lives of women." | ||
* [http://www.ruwonnepal.org.np/ Ruwon Nepal]: "Feminist social organization working for the rights & social justice of rural women, youth & children in Nepal." Address: G. P. O. Box: 20706, Kapan, Kathmandu, Nepal. Phone: +977 1 4810098. Email: info@ruwonnepal.org.np | * [http://www.ruwonnepal.org.np/ Ruwon Nepal]: "Feminist social organization working for the rights & social justice of rural women, youth & children in Nepal." Address: G. P. O. Box: 20706, Kapan, Kathmandu, Nepal. Phone: +977 1 4810098. Email: info@ruwonnepal.org.np | ||
* [http://www.tewa.org.np/ Tewa]: "Tewa’s philosophy is to develop modern philanthropy, both in terms of minimizing social costs incurred in rapid transition, for self-reliant development that is not donor dependent, and for the empowerment of emerging groups of rural women in Nepal. With this philosophy in mind Tewa does local fund-raising, gives grants to women’s groups from all over Nepal, and strengthens the human resources of Nepal through various programmes." Location: Dhapakhel, Lalitpur. Telephone: +977 1 5229054 / 5229045. Fax: +977 1 5229059. Email: info@tewa.org.np. Mailing Address: P.O. Box: 11, Lalitpur | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||