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'''OVERVIEW''' | '''OVERVIEW''' | ||
As a member of the European Union, Portugal has aligned itself with many European standards. Birth control pills are available in Portuguese pharmacies without a prescription, and pill prices tend to be low-cost and standardized. Meanwhile, condoms can be found in a variety of places, including supermarkets, pharmacies and even vending machines. You can purchase emergency contraception (the morning after pill) at pharmacies without a prescription as well. There are no travel restrictions related to HIV status, and you can get STI tests at a variety of health centers, including public clinics, community health centers and private clinics. While menstrual cups aren't as common as pads or tampons, you can find some sellers in Portugal. Since 2007, abortion has been legally available upon request for the first ten weeks of gestation. | |||
==Contraception (Birth Control)== | ==Contraception (Birth Control)== | ||
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===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ||
In Portugal, | In Portugal, contraceptives are legal and accessible. You can informally buy birth control pills without a prescription. This means that, while you may technically need a prescription, this isn't typically enforced. You can visit a pharmacy and purchase birth control pills over-the-counter.<ref>[http://ocsotc.org/wp-content/uploads/worldmap/worldmap.html Global Oral Contraception Availability]</ref> <ref>[http://freethepill.org/where-on-earth/ Free the Pill: Where on Earth]</ref> However, if you contact a pharmacy over email, phone or Facebook with questions, they may recommend that you consult with a physician before obtaining birth control pills. Meanwhile, if you want to purchase condoms, they can be easily acquired without a prescription at a variety of stores and even vending machines. | ||
In Portugal, contraceptives are widely used, and Portugal has one of the higher rates of usage in Southern Europe. According to a 2015 UN report, it was found that 74.3% of Portuguese women (who are reproductive age and married or in unions) use some form of contraception. This is similar to rates in [[Spain]], which are at 72.7%, but noticeably higher than [[Italy]] and [[Greece]], which both show rates lower than 70%. However, there is some room for improvement, as the study found that 6.6% of Portuguese women still have unmet family planning needs. The most common forms of contraceptives in Portugal were found to be birth control pills (49.9%), condoms (9.5%), IUDs (6.2%) and female sterilization (4.3%). Some traditional methods were also found to be used, including the withdrawal or "pull-out" method (4.2%) and the rhythm method (2.5%). There appeared to be practically no users of contraceptive injectables or implants in the study, but these methods may have become more popular in the years since the study was released.<ref>[http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/family/trendsContraceptiveUse2015Report.pdf Trends in Contraceptive Use 2015]</ref> | |||
From a historical perspective, Portugal launched its modern family planning program in 1976. Before that time, from 1933 to 1974, Portugal was under a corporatist authoritarian regime, known as "Estado Novo." Under the Estado Novo, women were classified as subservient to men. Contraceptives could only be prescribed by doctors for therapeutic reasons, and women could only take contraceptives with the approval of their husbands. If a woman took contraceptives without her husband's permission, the husband could divorce her for that reason alone.<ref>[https://efptporto2015.files.wordpress.com/2015/07/02_psychiatry_and_society_palha.pdf António Pacheco Palha - Sexuality in the | |||
time of Salazar’s | |||
Dictatorship]</ref> In 1974, Portugal became a democratic country, and it launched new family planning programs two years later. At that time, it was established by law that all citizens had the right to family planning.<ref>[http://archive.iussp.org/Brazil2001/s20/S20_P02_Remoaldo.pdf The past, present and future of Family Planning in Portugal]</ref> In the subsequent decades, Portugal continued to implement new laws related to family planning access and consultations, as well as sex education. Today, Portugal has family planning policies that are generally aligned with the European Union. | |||
===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ||
* In Portugal, you can purchase '''contraceptive pills (birth control pills)''' | * In Portugal, you can find '''condoms''' in pharmacies, supermarkets and even condom vending machines. Some NGOs and nonprofits also distribute free condoms, such as [https://www.aidshealth.org/#/archives/countries/pt AIDS Healthcare Foundation]. | ||
* You can find the '''contraceptive ring (Nuvaring)''' in many Portuguese pharmacies. For example, Farmácia Ibéria in Lisbon and Farmácia Continente Amadora in Amadora sell Nuvarings (as of October 2017), but we believe that the majority of Portuguese pharmacies do, so you don't need to seek out special pharmacies. | * In Portugal, you can purchase '''contraceptive pills (birth control pills)''' at pharmacies. While you may technically need a prescription, and some pharmacies will request to see your prescription, you'll also encounter pharmacies that do not require a prescription for you to purchase BC pills. Some of the brands you can expect to see are Microgest, Microgynon-30, Minigeste, Neomonovar and Nordette. | ||
* You can find the '''contraceptive ring (Nuvaring or Circlet)''' in many Portuguese pharmacies. For example, Farmácia Ibéria in Lisbon and Farmácia Continente Amadora in Amadora sell Nuvarings (as of October 2017), but we believe that the majority of Portuguese pharmacies do, so you don't need to seek out special pharmacies. | |||
* You can find the '''contraceptive patch''' in Portuguese pharmacies. The patches that are available are Evra. | * You can find the '''contraceptive patch''' in Portuguese pharmacies. The patches that are available are Evra. | ||
===Costs=== | ===Costs=== | ||
* If you register in your local health care center (you can do it if you are Portuguese or a resident) they will give you free condoms and free birth control pills. Usually they give them for free in the appointment related to family planning (they also provide free gynecology exams in this appointment, once a year) or you can ask directly to your nurse at any time. | |||
* Birth control pills are relatively cheap in Portugal. Minigeste costs about €5 per pack. Microgynon is 2.46€ per pack (as of October 2017). | * Birth control pills are relatively cheap in Portugal. Minigeste costs about €5 per pack. Microgynon is 2.46€ per pack (as of October 2017). | ||
* The standard price for Nuvaring in Portuguese pharmacies is 11,64€ (as of October, 2017). | * The standard price for Nuvaring in Portuguese pharmacies is 11,64€ (as of October, 2017). | ||
* For the contraceptive patch (Evra), you can expect to pay the following prices: for 1 month is 11,72€ and for 3 month is 33 € (as of October 2017). | |||
==Emergency Contraception (Morning After Pill)== | ==Emergency Contraception (Morning After Pill)== | ||
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===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ||
'''IMPORTANT NOTE:''' In Portugal, you can find a 24-hour pharmacy in your area, but the pharmacies run on a rotational basis. This means that, each day, a different pharmacy is open for 24 hours. To see which 24-hour pharmacies are open in Lisbon on which days, click [http://www.farmaciasdeservico.net/localidade/lisboa/lisboa here]. | |||
* In Portugal, you can obtain '''emergency contraception pills (morning after pills)''' without a prescription at public sector clinics, pharmacies and emergency rooms. You can expect to see a variety of types of ECPs (emergency contraception pills), including ellaOne, which is an anti-progestin pill and it's currently considered the most effective ECP available (as of 2017). For ellaOne, you take 1 pill within 120 hours after unprotected sex. You can also find progestin-only ECPs, like NorLevo 1.5mg, Postinor 1500.<ref>[http://ec.princeton.edu/ Princeton EC Website]</ref> For both of these brands, you also take 1 pill within 120 hours after unprotected sex, but they may prove less effective than ellaOne (especially if it's been more than 72 hours). | * In Portugal, you can obtain '''emergency contraception pills (morning after pills)''' without a prescription at public sector clinics, pharmacies and emergency rooms. You can expect to see a variety of types of ECPs (emergency contraception pills), including ellaOne, which is an anti-progestin pill and it's currently considered the most effective ECP available (as of 2017). For ellaOne, you take 1 pill within 120 hours after unprotected sex. You can also find progestin-only ECPs, like NorLevo 1.5mg, Postinor 1500.<ref>[http://ec.princeton.edu/ Princeton EC Website]</ref> For both of these brands, you also take 1 pill within 120 hours after unprotected sex, but they may prove less effective than ellaOne (especially if it's been more than 72 hours). | ||
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===Testing Facilities=== | ===Testing Facilities=== | ||
You should be able to get STI tests at nearly all hospitals and clinics in Lisbon. The prices will vary, depending on whether you go to a public or private facility and depending on your health coverage. Here's a [http://www.gatportugal.org/servicos/diretorio directory], provided by GAT, to find HIV testing sites in Portuguese cities. Also, here's another [http://www.positivo.org.pt/centros-de-deteccao-do-vih#1465898972789-a5689843-5516 directory] to find HIV testing sites, provided by Associação Positivo. Below, you'll also find some places where you can STI tests in Lisbon. | |||
====Public Health Services==== | |||
* [http://fnsbs.pt/ CAD - Nossa Senhora do Bom Sucesso Foundation]: Address: Av. Dr. Mário Moutinho, 1400-136 Lisboa, Telephone: 213 031 427. Hours: Monday to Friday from 9:30 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. | |||
* CAD - Lapa: Address: Rua de São Ciro, nº 36, 1200-831, Lisboa, Telephone: 213 930 151/2. Hours: Monday to Friday from 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. | |||
====Community-Based Services==== | |||
* [http://www.positivo.org.pt/ Associação Positivo (Positive Association)]: Address: Rua de São Paulo, 216, 1º A / B. 1200-429 Lisboa . Telephone: 213 422 976. | |||
* [http://www.checkpointlx.com/ CheckpointLx]: "CheckpointLX is the first community based centre for HIV testing for men who have sex with men (MSM) in Portugal. The centre opened in April 2011 in Lisbon, offering anonymous, confidential and free HIV rapid testing and peer counseling for MSM in a community setting." Opening time: Monday to Friday from 12:00 pm to 8:00 pm. Saturdays from 2pm to 6 pm. Address: Travessa do Monte do Carmo Nº2, 1200-277 Lisboa. Telephone: +351 910 693 158 | |||
* [http://www.gatportugal.org/projetos/espaco-intendente_3 Espaço Intendente (Intendant Space)]: Focuses on providing services to sex workers, transgender people, migrants and people who sleep on the streets. This is a GAT project. Address: Rua Antero de Quental, 8A, 1150-043. Telephone: 919 613 092. Email: espaco.intendente@gatportugal.org. Hours: business days from 4:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. | |||
* Portuguese Foundation - The Community Against AIDS - Lisbon: Address: Praça António Sardinha, 9 - 1º. Telephone: 213 540 000 | |||
* [https://www.facebook.com/inmouraria/ IN-Mouraria]: This organization focuses on providing services to migrants and drug users. It's a GAT project. Address: Calçada de Santo André, 79, 1100-496 , Telephone: 211 953 273. Schedule: business days from 2:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m. and from 5:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. | |||
* [http://en.plataformaongd.pt/platform/members/socia.aspx?id=111 Doctors of the World]: "The mobile unit Saúde + Perto is a project of the Portuguese League Against AIDS." Address: Av. De Ceuta (South), Lote 4, Loja 1, 1300-125, Lisbon. Phone: 213619520 or 964444261. Health + Near (Mobile Unit). Telephone: 21 347 93 76 | |||
===Support=== | ===Support=== | ||
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* Hospital de Santa Maria: Rua Prof. Egas Moniz, 1600-190 Lisboa | * Hospital de Santa Maria: Rua Prof. Egas Moniz, 1600-190 Lisboa | ||
* Hospital Pulido Valente: Alameda das Linhas de Torres, 117, 1769-001 Lisboa | * Hospital Pulido Valente: Alameda das Linhas de Torres, 117, 1769-001 Lisboa | ||
Organizations Working on HIV/AIDS in Portugal | |||
* [http://www.positivo.org.pt/ Associação Positivo (Positive Association)]: Address: Rua de São Paulo, 216, 1º A / B. 1200-429 Lisboa . Telephone: 213 422 976. | |||
* [http://www.gatportugal.org/ GAT Portugal]: This NGO, founded in 2001, works on issues related to HIV/AIDS in Portugal. Address: Avenida Paris, 4 - 1º direito, 1000-228 Lisboa, Portugal. Tel.: +351 210 967 826. Fax.: +351 210 938 216. Email geral: geral@gatportugal.org. | |||
===Costs=== | ===Costs=== | ||
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===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ||
* If you have a '''yeast infection''' (" | * If you have a '''yeast infection''' ("infecção por fungos" in Portuguese), you can ask the pharmacist for Fluconazole, which is antifungal medication. They'll be able to give you Fluconazole or something similar. | ||
* If you have a '''urinary tract infection''' ("infecção do trato urinário" in Portuguese), you should contact a doctor/pharmacist to find out next steps. | * If you have a '''urinary tract infection''' ("infecção do trato urinário" in Portuguese), you should contact a doctor/pharmacist to find out next steps. | ||
* As of 2017, '''Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)''' will soon be available in Portugal (as part of a PrEP study program)<ref>[http://www.aidsmap.com/Belgium-Portugal-and-Brazil-will-provide-PrEP-through-their-health-services-Morocco-announces-a-PrEP-study/page/3144551/ Belgium, Portugal and Brazil will provide PrEP through their health services; Morocco announces a PrEP study]</ref> | * As of 2017, '''Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)''' will soon be available in Portugal (as part of a PrEP study program)<ref>[http://www.aidsmap.com/Belgium-Portugal-and-Brazil-will-provide-PrEP-through-their-health-services-Morocco-announces-a-PrEP-study/page/3144551/ Belgium, Portugal and Brazil will provide PrEP through their health services; Morocco announces a PrEP study]</ref> | ||
* You can access '''Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)''' in Portugal for free after sexual exposure.<ref>[http://www.nelp-hiv.org/uploads/pep-in-nelp.pdf PEP Access]</ref> | |||
===Costs=== | ===Costs=== | ||
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===Costs=== | ===Costs=== | ||
* The payment for a gynecological exam will depend on whether you're a Portuguese and/or EU citizen. | |||
* If you're a Portuguese citizen, or if you're a foreigner who has legal residency and is contributing to Social Security, you'll need to obtain a Número de Utente. You'll then be assigned a physician. If you're working in Portugal and registered with social security, you'll probably get automatic health coverage. | |||
* If you're a foreigner and you've been in Portugal for a short time, but at least 90 days, you probably don't have a residency permit yet. In that case, you can obtain a "Junta de Freguesia," which is a document that will allow you to access the health services. | |||
* If you're an EU citizen, you should get the EHIC (European Health Insurance Card). This entitles you to the costs presented to Portuguese nationals. | |||
==Pregnancy== | ==Pregnancy== | ||
===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ||
In Portugal, maternity and paternity leave are given to new parents. Women are given 120 days of maternity leave, which can be taken consecutively or can be broken up with some before the birth or after the birth. For men, paternity leave can be taken for at least five working days within a month of the birth.<ref>[https://www.angloinfo.com/how-to/portugal/healthcare/pregnancy-birth/maternity-rights Employment Rights for Pregnant Women and New Parents]</ref> For more information on parental leave, click [https://www.angloinfo.com/how-to/portugal/healthcare/pregnancy-birth/maternity-rights here]. | |||
===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ||
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===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ||
In Portugal, abortion is legal for the first 10 weeks of gestation.<ref>[http://worldabortionlaws.com/map/ World Abortion Laws]</ref> <ref>[https://www.womenonwaves.org/en/page/4229/portugal Women on Waves - Portugal]</ref> However, if you're a minor, you will be typically required to get parental permission | In Portugal, abortion is legal for the first 10 weeks of gestation.<ref>[http://worldabortionlaws.com/map/ World Abortion Laws]</ref> <ref>[https://www.womenonwaves.org/en/page/4229/portugal Women on Waves - Portugal]</ref> However, if you're a minor, you will be typically required to get parental permission from your parents or guardian.<ref>[http://worldabortionlaws.com/map/ World Abortion Laws]</ref> <ref>[http://www.svss-uspda.ch/pdf/Abortion%20legislation_Europe2012.pdf Abortion Legislation in Europe]</ref> Furthermore, before any women obtains an abortion, she must first consult with a doctor, and then she must have a period of reflection of at least three days, before she can obtain an abortion.<ref>https://www.loc.gov/law/help/abortion-legislation/abortion-legislation.pdf Abortion Legislation in Europe]</ref> <ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/apr/10/1 Portugal ratifies law allowing abortions]</ref> Once the reflection period is over, the pregnant person can receive an abortion at a public hospital or private clinic that is recognized by the Health Ministry. | ||
For many years, Portugal had one of the strictest abortion policies in Europe. Until 2007, abortion was only permitted in the first twelve weeks of pregnancy when the pregnancy endangered the life of the woman or when the pregnancy was due to rape. In all other cases, abortion was illegal.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/apr/10/1 Portugal ratifies law allowing abortions]</ref> These laws were changed in 2007, allowing abortion to be available upon request during the first ten weeks of gestation. However, due to the mandatory three-day wait period, there are still some hurdles faced by women who wish to obtain an abortion in Portugal. | For many years, Portugal had one of the strictest abortion policies in Europe. Until 2007, abortion was only permitted in the first twelve weeks of pregnancy when the pregnancy endangered the life of the woman or when the pregnancy was due to rape. In all other cases, abortion was illegal.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/apr/10/1 Portugal ratifies law allowing abortions]</ref> These laws were changed in 2007, allowing abortion to be available upon request during the first ten weeks of gestation. However, due to the mandatory three-day wait period, there are still some hurdles faced by women who wish to obtain an abortion in Portugal. | ||
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===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ||
* Portuguese Family Planning Association Helpline - Sexualidade em Linha: 800 222 003. You can call this helpline from 11am to 7pm. Its a confidential line with no costs. They have representatives that speak in Portuguese and English. | |||
* [https://apav.pt/apav_v3/index.php/pt/ APAV, Victim Support Portugal]: This organization, started in 1990, helps to protect and provide services for victims of violence, including sexual violence. They provide confidential and free services. They also work with the police, social security agencies, health centers, local authorities, autonomous regions, etc. Address: Rua José Estêvão, 135 A, Piso 1, 1150-201 Lisboa. Phone: +351 21 358 79 00. Email: apav.sede@apav.pt. | |||
* [http://www.amcv.org.pt/ Associação de Mulheres contra a Violência – AMCV (Association of Women against Violence)]: This women's rights NGO works to combat all forms of gender-based violence and discrimination, including sexual violence. They work with women, children and young people. Languages spoken include Portuguese, English, French and German. Their Counselling and Advocacy Centre is open from 10:00 AM to 6:00 PM. Tel. +351 21 3802160. Email: sede@amcv.org.pt | |||
===Costs=== | ===Costs=== | ||
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* National emergency number: 112 | * National emergency number: 112 | ||
* Click [http://www.equaldex.com/region/portugal here] to learn about LGBT rights in Portugal. | |||
* [http://www.apf.pt/ Portuguese Family Planning Association (APF)]: "The Family Planning Association (APF) was founded in 1967 and aims to help people make free and conscious choices in their sexual and reproductive lives and to promote positive parenting." Email: apfsede@apf.pt. Phone: +351 213853993 | |||
* [http://www.iwpportugal.org/ International Women in Portugal (IWP)]: "IWP, International Women in Portugal, is a social organization for women of all ages and nationalities in the Lisbon – Cascais area." Address: Associação de Mulheres Internacionais em Portugal, Apartado 6, 2751-901 Cascais. | * [http://www.iwpportugal.org/ International Women in Portugal (IWP)]: "IWP, International Women in Portugal, is a social organization for women of all ages and nationalities in the Lisbon – Cascais area." Address: Associação de Mulheres Internacionais em Portugal, Apartado 6, 2751-901 Cascais. | ||
* [http://ilga-portugal.pt/ilga/en.php ILGA]: "Founded in 1995, ILGA Portugal is the largest and oldest NGO in Portugal striving for equality and against discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity." | |||
* [http://www.opusgay.org/ Opus Gay]: This is a Portuguese LGBT organization with HQ in Lisbon. | |||
* [http://a-trans.planetaclix.pt/english_index.htm Associação para o Estudo e Defesa dos Direitos à Identidade de Género]: Nonprofit for the study and defense of gender identity. | |||
* Portuguese Ministry of Health: Address: Alameda D. Afonso Henriques, nº 45, 1049-005 Lisbon. Phone: 218 430 500. Helpline 24/7: 808 242 424. | |||
* Portuguese Social Security Institute: Address: Rua Rosa Araújo, nº 43, 1250-194 Lisbon | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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