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'''OVERVIEW''' | '''OVERVIEW''' | ||
Norway, like other Scandinavian countries, offers | Norway, like other Scandinavian countries, offers a range of options for sexual and reproductive health care. While many forms of contraception, such as birth control pills, require a prescription, one can obtain condoms in supermarkets, pharmacies, health centers and kiosks without a prescription. Emergency contraceptive pills (morning after pills) are available at pharmacies and no prescription is required. There are also no age restrictions. There are no travel or residency restrictions related to foreigners with HIV/AIDS, and foreigners who test positive for HIV will not be deported. PrEP and PEP are available in Norway. Furthermore, Norway has an extensive and nationwide HPV vaccination program. Norway offers superlative parental leave options compared to global standards, which can be reviewed in the "Pregnancy" section. Finally, abortion is fully legal upon request during the first trimester of pregnancy, and it is available under certain circumstances after the first trimester. | ||
==Contraception (Birth Control)== | ==Contraception (Birth Control)== | ||
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===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ||
In Norway, most forms of contraception, such as pills and IUDs, are only available with a prescription.<ref>[http://ocsotc.org/wp-content/uploads/worldmap/worldmap.html Global Oral Contraception Availability]</ref> <ref>[http://freethepill.org/where-on-earth/ Free the Pill: Where on Earth?]</ref> However, once you have a prescription, you can find many forms of contraception at pharmacies and health clinics. Additionally, condoms are widely available and require no prescription. They can be found in pharmacies, supermarkets, sex shops, kiosks and many other locations. | In Norway, most forms of contraception, such as pills and IUDs, are only available with a prescription.<ref>[http://ocsotc.org/wp-content/uploads/worldmap/worldmap.html Global Oral Contraception Availability]</ref> <ref>[http://freethepill.org/where-on-earth/ Free the Pill: Where on Earth?]</ref> However, once you have a prescription, you can find many forms of contraception at pharmacies and health clinics. Additionally, condoms are widely available and require no prescription. They can be found in pharmacies, supermarkets, sex shops, kiosks and many other locations. | ||
Like other Scandinavian countries, Norway is rather progressive when it comes to sexual and reproductive | Like other Scandinavian countries, Norway is rather progressive when it comes to sexual and reproductive health. The government has donated a substantial amount of its money and resources to international efforts related to gender equality and women's health. In 2017, the revised budget proposed to further expand these efforts with an additional NOK 32 million in funding.<ref>[https://www.regjeringen.no/en/aktuelt/reproductive_health/id2552780/ Government increases support for sexual and reproductive health]</ref> Furthermore, sex education remains a crucial cornerstone in daily life. For example, the state-funded educational television series, Newton, runs a sex education program, which provides frank discussion on a range of topics.<ref>[http://www.cosmopolitan.com/sex-love/news/a40506/norwegian-sex-ed-show-teaches-kids-what-we-all-wish-wed-learned-back-then/ Norwegian Sex-Ed Show Teaches Kids What We All Wish We'd Learned Back Then]</ref> | ||
According to a 2015 report, it was found that 78.6% of Norwegian women (who are of reproductive age and married/in unions) use some form of contraception and 6.1% of Norwegian women have unmet family planning needs. The most common forms of contraception are birth control pills (27%), IUDs (20.3%), condoms (11.1%) and female sterilization (6.7%). There were rather low rates of usage for traditional methods, such as the withdrawal method (4.0%) and the rhythm method (3.1%), as well as contraceptive implants (2.9%) and injectables (0.0%). | According to a 2015 report, it was found that 78.6% of Norwegian women (who are of reproductive age and married/in unions) use some form of contraception and 6.1% of Norwegian women have unmet family planning needs. The most common forms of contraception are birth control pills (27%), IUDs (20.3%), condoms (11.1%) and female sterilization (6.7%). There were rather low rates of usage for traditional methods, such as the withdrawal method (4.0%) and the rhythm method (3.1%), as well as contraceptive implants (2.9%) and injectables (0.0%). | ||
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* In Norway, you can buy '''condoms''' at pharmacies, kiosks, vending machines, grocery stores, department stores, sex shops, perfume boutiques, hairdressers and petrol/gas stations.<ref>[https://hivnorge.no/English/Condoms HIV Norway: Condoms]</ref> You can purchase condoms from online retailers like [https://www.biovea.com/ Biovea], which sell a variety of brands, such as Trojan and Durex, and can deliver the condoms to your Norwegian address. There's also a [https://helsenorge.no/sex-og-samliv/prevensjon/kondom website] where you can order condoms online for free. | * In Norway, you can buy '''condoms''' at pharmacies, kiosks, vending machines, grocery stores, department stores, sex shops, perfume boutiques, hairdressers and petrol/gas stations.<ref>[https://hivnorge.no/English/Condoms HIV Norway: Condoms]</ref> You can purchase condoms from online retailers like [https://www.biovea.com/ Biovea], which sell a variety of brands, such as Trojan and Durex, and can deliver the condoms to your Norwegian address. There's also a [https://helsenorge.no/sex-og-samliv/prevensjon/kondom website] where you can order condoms online for free. | ||
* You can find '''spermicide''' at the pharmacy/chemist and no prescription is needed.<ref>[http://introengelsk.cappelendamm.no/c35003/artikkel/vis.html?tid=35116 Contraception]</ref> | * You can find '''spermicide''' at the pharmacy/chemist and no prescription is needed.<ref>[http://introengelsk.cappelendamm.no/c35003/artikkel/vis.html?tid=35116 Contraception]</ref> | ||
* In Norway, you can find a variety of '''birth control pill''' brands. But first, you'll need to | * In Norway, you can find a variety of '''birth control pill''' brands. But first, you'll need to get a prescription to access the pills. To do this, you can arrange an appointment with a General Practitioner, who will provide a basic consultation and may offer to do a pelvic exam/pap smear (though this isn't compulsory). Then, a one-year prescription for a birth control pill is usually written. Once you have a prescription, you can obtain the pills at pharmacies, health clinics or IPPF-affiliated programs. Some of the birth control pill brands you can expect see at pharmacies include Almina, Cerazette, Conludag, Desogestrel Orifarm, Marvelon, Mercilon, Microluton, Microgynon, Nordette, Oralcon, Qlaira, Synfase, Vinelle, Yasmin, Yasminelle and Yaz.<ref>[https://www.felleskatalogen.no/medisin/m Felleskatalogen - Medicines]</ref> | ||
** Tip: "After losing our luggage by the airline, we went to the pharmacy Boots Apotek Grunerløkka, located Sofienberggata 6, 0551 Oslo, Norway. The pharmacist very kindly helped me to find the equivalence of my pill in its database and sold it to me without problem." | ** Tip: "After losing our luggage by the airline, we went to the pharmacy Boots Apotek Grunerløkka, located Sofienberggata 6, 0551 Oslo, Norway. The pharmacist very kindly helped me to find the equivalence of my pill in its database and sold it to me without problem." | ||
* You can find the '''contraceptive patch,''' like the Evra patch, in Norway, but a prescription is needed. Once you have a prescription, you can find it at the pharmacy.<ref>[http://introengelsk.cappelendamm.no/c35003/artikkel/vis.html?tid=35116 Contraception]</ref> | * You can find the '''contraceptive patch,''' like the Evra patch, in Norway, but a prescription is needed. Once you have a prescription, you can find it at the pharmacy.<ref>[http://introengelsk.cappelendamm.no/c35003/artikkel/vis.html?tid=35116 Contraception]</ref> | ||
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* You can find '''contraceptive injectables''', such as Depo-Provera, in Norway. <ref>[https://www.felleskatalogen.no/medisin/m Felleskatalogen - Medicines]</ref> | * You can find '''contraceptive injectables''', such as Depo-Provera, in Norway. <ref>[https://www.felleskatalogen.no/medisin/m Felleskatalogen - Medicines]</ref> | ||
* You can find '''contraceptive rings''', such as Nuvaring, at pharmacies in Norway. <ref>[https://www.felleskatalogen.no/medisin/m Felleskatalogen - Medicines]</ref> | * You can find '''contraceptive rings''', such as Nuvaring, at pharmacies in Norway. <ref>[https://www.felleskatalogen.no/medisin/m Felleskatalogen - Medicines]</ref> | ||
===Costs=== | ===Costs=== | ||
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You can also obtain an IUD, which is included in the national policy guidelines as a valid form of emergency contraception.<ref>[http://www.ec-ec.org/emergency-contraception-in-europe/country-by-country-information-2/norway/ ECEC: Norway]</ref> However, this will require a visit to a licensed health care practitioner to insert the IUD, so this will take more time than simply obtaining ECPs over-the-counter. | You can also obtain an IUD, which is included in the national policy guidelines as a valid form of emergency contraception.<ref>[http://www.ec-ec.org/emergency-contraception-in-europe/country-by-country-information-2/norway/ ECEC: Norway]</ref> However, this will require a visit to a licensed health care practitioner to insert the IUD, so this will take more time than simply obtaining ECPs over-the-counter. | ||
The official guidelines for emergency contraceptive usage in | The official guidelines for emergency contraceptive usage in Norway can be found in the [http://www.sexogsamfunn.no/klinikk-og-tilbud/for-helsepersonell/metodebok/ Metodebok: Sex og samfunn], which was revised in 2012. | ||
===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ||
* In Norway, you can obtain '''emergency contraceptive pills (morning after pills)''' at family planning clinics, youth clinics, pharmacies, supermarkets, gas stations, schools and IPPF-affiliated programs. They can also be purchased online from Norwegian websites. No prescription is needed and there are no age restrictions. Some pills you can expect to see are | * In Norway, you can obtain '''emergency contraceptive pills (morning after pills)''' at family planning clinics, youth clinics, pharmacies, supermarkets, gas stations, schools and IPPF-affiliated programs. They can also be purchased online from Norwegian websites. No prescription is needed and there are no age restrictions. Some pills you can expect to see are [http://www.ellaone.com/ ellaOne], which is the longest-lasting EC that is currently available (as of January 2018). It lasts up to 5 days (120 hours) after unprotected sex. You also may find Levonelle 1500 or NorLevo 1.5mg. You may also find Postinor<ref>[http://ec.princeton.edu/ Princeton EC Website]</ref> For updated instructions on how to take these pills, click [http://ec.princeton.edu/worldwide/default.asp#brand here]. | ||
** Tip: You can try to get ECPs at Norsk forening for seksuell og reproduktiv helse og rettigheter (Address: RFSU Norge AS, Kirkegt. 5 Oslo, 0152) | ** Tip: You can try to get ECPs at Norsk forening for seksuell og reproduktiv helse og rettigheter (Address: RFSU Norge AS, Kirkegt. 5 Oslo, 0152) | ||
* You can also use an '''intrauterine device (IUD)''' as a form of emergency contraception. Contact a licensed health care provider in Denmark to learn more details. | * You can also use an '''intrauterine device (IUD)''' as a form of emergency contraception. Contact a licensed health care provider in Denmark to learn more details. | ||
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===Costs=== | ===Costs=== | ||
The cost of ECPs are not reimbursed by the National Insurance Scheme. However, ECPs are always free for rape victims. They are also often delivered free of charge to young people at youth clinics or to vulnerable populations at public health centers. Generally, for LNG type of pills (like Levonelle 1500, NorLevo and Postinor), you can expect to pay | The cost of ECPs are not reimbursed by the National Insurance Scheme. However, ECPs are always free for rape victims. They are also often delivered free of charge to young people at youth clinics or to vulnerable populations at public health centers. Generally, for LNG type of pills (like Levonelle 1500, NorLevo and Postinor), you can expect to pay around €26,50, as of 2013. For UPA type of emergency contraceptive pills (like ellaOne), you can expect to pay around € 39, as of 2013.<ref>[http://www.ec-ec.org/emergency-contraception-in-europe/country-by-country-information-2/norway/ ECEC: Norway]</ref> <ref>[http://www.cecinfo.org/country-by-country-information/status-availability-database/countries/norway/ EC Status and Availability: Norway]</ref> | ||
==Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs/STDs)== | ==Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs/STDs)== | ||
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* You can find '''pads/pantyliners''' in supermarkets, health stores and pharmacies. | * You can find '''pads/pantyliners''' in supermarkets, health stores and pharmacies. | ||
* You can find '''tampons''' in supermarkets, health stores and pharmacies. | * You can find '''tampons''' in supermarkets, health stores and pharmacies. | ||
* You can find a variety of '''menstrual cups''' in Norway, either in physical stores or online. You can buy RubyCup at Chillout Travel Centre in Oslo (Address: Markveien 55, 0554 Oslo. Tel: 22 35 42 00; Email: post@chillout.no), Chillout Travel Centre in Bergen (Address: Torggaten 11, 5014 Bergen; Tel: 55 23 30 00; email: post@chillout.noor) or Jordnært (Address: Storgata 61, 2609 Lillehammer, Norway; email: post@jordnart.no). You can find Organicup sold at Mølleren Sylvia (Address: Hegdehaugsveien 14B, Oslo, Norway). You can find online retailers of LadyCup that cater to Norwegian customers, such as [https://menskopp.ladycup.eu/ LadyCup Norway], [https://www.fertil.no/ Fertil.no] and [https://www.komplettapotek.no/ Komplett Apotek]. Menstrual cups are also available to order from [https://www.menskopp.se/ Menskopp]. They offer free shipping worldwide. | * You can find a variety of '''menstrual cups''' in Norway, either in physical stores or online. You can buy RubyCup at Chillout Travel Centre in Oslo (Address: Markveien 55, 0554 Oslo. Tel: 22 35 42 00; Email: post@chillout.no), Chillout Travel Centre in Bergen (Address: Torggaten 11, 5014 Bergen; Tel: 55 23 30 00; email: post@chillout.noor) or Jordnært (Address: Storgata 61, 2609 Lillehammer, Norway; email: post@jordnart.no). You can find Organicup sold at Mølleren Sylvia (Address: Hegdehaugsveien 14B, Oslo, Norway). You can find online retailers of LadyCup that cater to Norwegian customers, such as [https://menskopp.ladycup.eu/ LadyCup Norway], [https://www.fertil.no/ Fertil.no] and [https://www.komplettapotek.no/ Komplett Apotek]. Menstrual cups are also available to order from [https://www.menskopp.se/ Menskopp]. They offer free shipping worldwide. Menstrual cups are also available for comparison at [https://www.minmenskopp.se/databas minmenskopp.se database]. The database contains over 150 different menstrual cups. | ||
===Costs=== | ===Costs=== | ||
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In Norway, abortion is fully legal and available upon request during the first trimester (first twelve weeks) of pregnancy. However, if the woman is under sixteen years old, her parents or guardians should be allowed to make a statement. Between twelve to eighteen weeks of pregnancy, abortion is legal if the pregnant woman's health or social situation makes the pregnancy difficult to continue, or if there is severe risk of fetal malformation, or if the woman became pregnant underage or as a result of abuse. After eighteen weeks, there are only extremely rare cases that are granted the legal permission to an abortion, which is reviewed on a case-to-case basis.<ref>[https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dokumenter/about-the-abortion-act/id419252/ Norwegian Government: About the Abortion Act]</ref> | In Norway, abortion is fully legal and available upon request during the first trimester (first twelve weeks) of pregnancy. However, if the woman is under sixteen years old, her parents or guardians should be allowed to make a statement. Between twelve to eighteen weeks of pregnancy, abortion is legal if the pregnant woman's health or social situation makes the pregnancy difficult to continue, or if there is severe risk of fetal malformation, or if the woman became pregnant underage or as a result of abuse. After eighteen weeks, there are only extremely rare cases that are granted the legal permission to an abortion, which is reviewed on a case-to-case basis.<ref>[https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dokumenter/about-the-abortion-act/id419252/ Norwegian Government: About the Abortion Act]</ref> | ||
Norwegian abortion laws fall under the The Act Relating to the Termination of Pregnancy of 1975. This was followed by revisions to the law in 1978 | Norwegian abortion laws fall under the The Act Relating to the Termination of Pregnancy of 1975. This was followed by revisions to the law in 1978 that allowed a woman to decide on her own to terminate the pregnancy. | ||
===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ||
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* [https://foreningenfri.no/ Foreningen for kjønns- og seksualitetsmangfold (The Norwegian Organization for Sexual and Gender Diversity)]: This is the main group in Norway for LGBTQ people and rights. | * [https://foreningenfri.no/ Foreningen for kjønns- og seksualitetsmangfold (The Norwegian Organization for Sexual and Gender Diversity)]: This is the main group in Norway for LGBTQ people and rights. | ||
* [https://sexogpolitikk.no/ Sex og Politikk - The Norwegian Association for Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights]: This organization was established in 1969. "Sex og Politikk – the Norwegian association for sexual and reproductive health and rights, is a non-governmental organisation working to promote and provide information about sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), both in Norway and internationally." | * [https://sexogpolitikk.no/ Sex og Politikk - The Norwegian Association for Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights]: This organization was established in 1969. "Sex og Politikk – the Norwegian association for sexual and reproductive health and rights, is a non-governmental organisation working to promote and provide information about sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), both in Norway and internationally." | ||
* [http://kvinnesak.no/english/ The Norwegian Association for Women’s Rights (Norsk Kvinnesaksforening, NKF)]: This is a nonpartisan political advocacy organization and Norway's oldest organization for women and girls. "The Norwegian Association for Women’s Rights (Norsk Kvinnesaksforening, NKF) is dedicated to eliminating attitudes, laws and regulations that are discriminatory towards women and which prevent gender equality. It is the oldest and leading women’s rights organisation in Norway, founded in 1884 by 171 prominent women and men, including several Norwegian Prime Ministers. The association has successfully campaigned for women’s right to education, the right to vote, the right to work and the establishment of what is now the Equality and Anti-Discrimination Ombud." | * [http://kvinnesak.no/english/ The Norwegian Association for Women’s Rights (Norsk Kvinnesaksforening, NKF)]: This is a nonpartisan political advocacy organization and Norway's oldest organization for women and girls. "The Norwegian Association for Women’s Rights (Norsk Kvinnesaksforening, NKF) is dedicated to eliminating attitudes, laws and regulations that are discriminatory towards women and which prevent gender equality. It is the oldest and leading women’s rights organisation in Norway, founded in 1884 by 171 prominent women and men, including several Norwegian Prime Ministers. The association has successfully campaigned for women’s right to education, the right to vote, the right to work and the establishment of what is now the Equality and Anti-Discrimination Ombud." Email: post@kvinnesak.no | ||
* [https://www.fokuskvinner.no/en/ Norwegian Forum for Women's Development (FOKUS)]: "FOKUS – Forum for Women and Development - works to promote women’s empowerment, rights and access to resources. Through advocacy and international development cooperation, the organisation will strengthen women’s human rights and participation in society." | * [https://www.fokuskvinner.no/en/ Norwegian Forum for Women's Development (FOKUS)]: "FOKUS – Forum for Women and Development - works to promote women’s empowerment, rights and access to resources. Through advocacy and international development cooperation, the organisation will strengthen women’s human rights and participation in society." | ||
* [http://mirasenteret.no/en/frontpage/ MiRA Resource Centre for Black, Immigrant and Refugee Women]: This NGO was founded in 1989, and it's headquartered in Oslo. Email: post@mirasenteret.no | * [http://mirasenteret.no/en/frontpage/ MiRA Resource Centre for Black, Immigrant and Refugee Women]: This NGO was founded in 1989, and it's headquartered in Oslo. Email: post@mirasenteret.no | ||