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Port-au-Prince/en: Difference between revisions

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===Laws & Social Stigmas===
===Laws & Social Stigmas===
Despite the fact that Haiti has a long history with oral contraceptives<ref>http://ethique-tic.fr/2013/wp-content/uploads/1/2013/02/JunodMarks-pill02.pdf</ref>, the country has a staggeringly low rate of 37.8% of women between the ages of 15 and 49 report using any kind of contraception at all. This is the lowest rate of any Caribbean country. An overwhelming majority of women that do use birth control opt for the contraceptive injection. <ref>http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/family/trendsContraceptiveUse2015Report.pdf</ref> There have been multiple campaigns with mixed results to raise awareness for the use of contraceptives. Many women are raised in a conservative Christian families and don't want to admit that they are having premarital sex, so discussions about birth control are not likely to be widely discussed by most Haitians, especially amongst the youth. <ref>http://pulitzercenter.org/reporting/family-planning-delicate-subject-haiti</ref>


Despite the fact that Haiti has a long history with oral contraceptives<ref>[http://ethique-tic.fr/2013/wp-content/uploads/1/2013/02/JunodMarks-pill02.pdf Women’s Trials: The Approval of the First Oral Contraceptive Pill in the United States and Great Britain]</ref>, the country has a staggeringly low rate of 37.8% of women between the ages of 15 and 49 report using any kind of contraception at all. This is the lowest rate of any Caribbean country. An overwhelming majority of women that do use birth control opt for the contraceptive injection.<ref>[http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/family/trendsContraceptiveUse2015Report.pdf Trends in Contraceptive Use 2015]</ref> There have been multiple campaigns with mixed results to raise awareness for the use of contraceptives. Many women are raised in a conservative Christian families and don't want to admit that they are having premarital sex, so discussions about birth control are not likely to be widely discussed by most Haitians, especially amongst the youth. <ref>[http://pulitzercenter.org/reporting/family-planning-delicate-subject-haiti Family Planning is a Delicate Subject in Haiti]</ref>
Despite the fact that Haiti has a long history with oral contraceptives<ref>[http://ethique-tic.fr/2013/wp-content/uploads/1/2013/02/JunodMarks-pill02.pdf Women’s Trials: The Approval of the First Oral Contraceptive Pill in the United States and Great Britain]</ref>, the country has a staggeringly low rate of 37.8% of women between the ages of 15 and 49 report using any kind of contraception at all. This is the lowest rate of any Caribbean country. An overwhelming majority of women that do use birth control opt for the contraceptive injection.<ref>[http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/family/trendsContraceptiveUse2015Report.pdf Trends in Contraceptive Use 2015]</ref> There have been multiple campaigns with mixed results to raise awareness for the use of contraceptives. Many women are raised in a conservative Christian families and don't want to admit that they are having premarital sex, so discussions about birth control are not likely to be widely discussed by most Haitians, especially amongst the youth. <ref>[http://pulitzercenter.org/reporting/family-planning-delicate-subject-haiti Family Planning is a Delicate Subject in Haiti]</ref>
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* For a comprehensive list of all available hormonal contraceptive available in the country, visit the [http://contraceptive.ippf.org/search?search.searchtext=&search.component=&search.countrycode=HT Haiti IPPF page].
* For a comprehensive list of all available hormonal contraceptive available in the country, visit the [http://contraceptive.ippf.org/search?search.searchtext=&search.component=&search.countrycode=HT Haiti IPPF page].
* '''Condoms''' can be purchased at larger retailers but more difficult to find at smaller businesses.  
* '''Condoms''' can be purchased at larger retailers but more difficult to find at smaller businesses.  
* According to the International Planned Parenthood Federation, there are over 20 types of '''hormonal contraceptive pills (birth control pills)''' available. Most that are available are phasic and combined oral pills, but there is also a wide variety of hormonal implants available. There is only one hormonal IUD available by the name of "Mirena." The contraceptive ring (Nuva Ring) does not seem to available for purchase in Haiti.<ref>http://contraceptive.ippf.org/search IPPF</ref>
* According to the International Planned Parenthood Federation, there are over 20 types of '''hormonal contraceptive pills (birth control pills)''' available. Most that are available are phasic and combined oral pills, but there is also a wide variety of hormonal implants available. There is only one hormonal IUD available by the name of "Mirena." The contraceptive ring (Nuva Ring) does not seem to available for purchase in Haiti.<ref>[http://contraceptive.ippf.org/search?search.searchtext=&search.component=&search.countrycode=HT IPFF - Haiti]</ref>
* You may be able to find '''contraceptive injectables''', like Depo-Provera SAS 150mg/ml, Mesigyna, Mesigyna Instayect and Noristerat, according to IPFF.<ref>[http://contraceptive.ippf.org/search?search.searchtext=&search.component=&search.countrycode=HT IPFF - Haiti]</ref>
* You may be able to find '''contraceptive injectables''', like Depo-Provera SAS 150mg/ml, Mesigyna, Mesigyna Instayect and Noristerat, according to IPFF.<ref>[http://contraceptive.ippf.org/search?search.searchtext=&search.component=&search.countrycode=HT IPFF - Haiti]</ref>
* You may be able to find '''contraceptive implants''', like Implanon and Jadelle, according to IPFF.<ref>[http://contraceptive.ippf.org/search?search.searchtext=&search.component=&search.countrycode=HT IPFF - Haiti]</ref>
* You may be able to find '''contraceptive implants''', like Implanon and Jadelle, according to IPFF.<ref>[http://contraceptive.ippf.org/search?search.searchtext=&search.component=&search.countrycode=HT IPFF - Haiti]</ref>


===Costs===
===Costs===
KORE, loosely translated, means "I've got your back" in Haitian Creole, is a brand of condom that became available in Haiti in 2013. The company aimed to provide a widely available and much more affordable condom for the people of Haiti. <ref>http://edition.cnn.com/2013/05/29/health/haiti-condom-donation</ref> A pack of 3 brand name condoms usually costs somewhere between 200-300 gourde.
KORE, loosely translated, means "I've got your back" in Haitian Creole, is a brand of condom that became available in Haiti in 2013. The company aimed to provide a widely available and much more affordable condom for the people of Haiti. <ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2013/05/29/health/haiti-condom-donation Haiti Condom Donation]</ref> A pack of 3 brand name condoms usually costs somewhere between 200-300 gourde.


==Emergency Contraception (Morning After Pill)==
==Emergency Contraception (Morning After Pill)==
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===Laws & Social Stigmas===
===Laws & Social Stigmas===
The morning after pill is rarely available over the counter in Port-au-Prince. If it can be found, it is likely imported and will contain instructions in a foreign language which may render the product useless.<ref>http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/09/opinion/sunday/haitis-silenced-victims.html New York Times</ref> If you are in need of emergency contraception in Haiti, you have the option of taking larger doses of regular hormonal birth control instead of the morning after pill.<ref>http://ec.princeton.edu/countryquery.asp</ref>
The morning after pill is rarely available over the counter in Port-au-Prince. If it can be found, it is likely imported and will contain instructions in a foreign language which may render the product useless.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/09/opinion/sunday/haitis-silenced-victims.html Haiti's Silenced Victims]</ref> If you are in need of emergency contraception in Haiti, you have the option of taking larger doses of regular hormonal birth control instead of the morning after pill.<ref>[http://ec.princeton.edu/ Princeton EC Website]</ref>


===What to Get & Where to Get It===
===What to Get & Where to Get It===
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'''Note:''' The longest-lasting EC is currently [http://www.ellaone.com/ ellaOne]. It lasts up to 5 days (120 hours) after unprotected sex. Check to see if your country carries ellaOne. If your country doesn't carry ellaOne, copper IUDs may also prevent pregnancy up to 5 days after unprotected sex. If none of these options are available, and it's been over 3 days since you had unprotected sex, you can still take EC, which may work up to 5 days. Note that EC pills are not 100% effective and should be taken as soon as possible.
'''Note:''' The longest-lasting EC is currently [http://www.ellaone.com/ ellaOne]. It lasts up to 5 days (120 hours) after unprotected sex. Check to see if your country carries ellaOne. If your country doesn't carry ellaOne, copper IUDs may also prevent pregnancy up to 5 days after unprotected sex. If none of these options are available, and it's been over 3 days since you had unprotected sex, you can still take EC, which may work up to 5 days. Note that EC pills are not 100% effective and should be taken as soon as possible.


The following is a list of available oral Contraceptives used for emergency contraception (Progestin Only)<ref>http://ec.princeton.edu/index.html</ref>
The following is a list of available oral Contraceptives used for emergency contraception (Progestin Only)<ref>[http://ec.princeton.edu/ Princeton EC Website]</ref>
  Take 40 pills within 120 hours after unprotected sex:
  Take 40 pills within 120 hours after unprotected sex:
  Ovrette
  Ovrette
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===Laws & Social Stigmas===
===Laws & Social Stigmas===
Haiti has a 1.8 percent prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS, among the highest percentage-wise in the Caribbean region (behind the Bahamas, and Belize). However, it has the most overall cases of HIV/AIDS in the Caribbean region with an estimated 120,000 HIV/AIDS-positive Haitians.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Haiti</ref> One of the best ways to avoid contracting HIV and other STIs is to regularly using condoms. Contact the International Planned Parenthood Federation to inquire about making an appointment for an STI test if you are sexually active. Getting tested regularly is recommended to avoid unknowingly spreading disease further as well as diagnose anything you may have contracted so it can be cured or treated before irreversible damage is potentially done to your body.
Haiti has a 1.8 percent prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS, among the highest percentage-wise in the Caribbean region (behind the Bahamas, and Belize). However, it has the most overall cases of HIV/AIDS in the Caribbean region with an estimated 120,000 HIV/AIDS-positive Haitians.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Haiti HIV/AIDS in Haiti]</ref> One of the best ways to avoid contracting HIV and other STIs is to regularly using condoms. Contact the International Planned Parenthood Federation to inquire about making an appointment for an STI test if you are sexually active. Getting tested regularly is recommended to avoid unknowingly spreading disease further as well as diagnose anything you may have contracted so it can be cured or treated before irreversible damage is potentially done to your body.


===What to Get & Where to Get It===
===What to Get & Where to Get It===
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===Costs===
===Costs===
In 2004, initial antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Haiti cost approximately $US 1,000 per patient per year.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18275615</ref>
In 2004, initial antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Haiti cost approximately $US 1,000 per patient per year.<ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18275615 The cost of antiretroviral therapy in Haiti]</ref>


==Menstruation==
==Menstruation==
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===Laws & Social Stigmas===
===Laws & Social Stigmas===
The women of Haiti have little access to education on feminine hygiene and menstruation. In one poll, nearly 25% of women surveyed did not know why they had their period. Given the income of the women ranged from an estimated $1 – $3/day, disposable sanitary pads are often too expensive. Therefore, more than 80% of the women regularly used folded cloth sheets or old T-shirts to absorb menstrual blood. The women with no access to sanitary pads are often forced them to modify daily activities such as going to school or work.<ref>http://ganm.nursing.jhu.edu/partnership-not-aid-how-the-women-of-haiti-are-claiming-a-new-future-3/</ref>
The women of Haiti have little access to education on feminine hygiene and menstruation. In one poll, nearly 25% of women surveyed did not know why they had their period. Given the income of the women ranged from an estimated $1 – $3/day, disposable sanitary pads are often too expensive. Therefore, more than 80% of the women regularly used folded cloth sheets or old T-shirts to absorb menstrual blood. The women with no access to sanitary pads are often forced them to modify daily activities such as going to school or work.<ref>[http://ganm.nursing.jhu.edu/partnership-not-aid-how-the-women-of-haiti-are-claiming-a-new-future-3/ PARTNERSHIP, NOT AID – HOW THE WOMEN OF HAITI ARE CLAIMING A NEW FUTURE]</ref>


===What to Get & Where to Get It===
===What to Get & Where to Get It===
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===Laws & Social Stigmas===
===Laws & Social Stigmas===
All women in Haiti are legally entitled to 6 weeks of maternity leave with 100% of their average pay to be compensated by their employer.<ref>http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_242615.pdf</ref> However, the reality of the situation can be much different and many women find that they are not in a position to receive this aid. <ref>http://www.nbcnews.com/id/29706995/ns/health-pregnancy/t/giving-birth-fraught-danger-haiti/#.WLVr_BJ94y4</ref> In Haiti, there are only 201 nurse-midwives for a population of 10 million. NGO Midwives for Haiti are trying to fill this gap with much needed help to improve mother and child survival. As of 2013, For every 100,000 babies born in Haiti, 630 women die of pregnancy-related causes<ref>http://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/haiti/article1957834.html</ref>.


All women in Haiti are legally entitled to 6 weeks of maternity leave with 100% of their average pay to be compensated by their employer.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parental_leave Parental Leave]</ref> <ref>[http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_242615.pdf Maternity and paternity at work]</ref> However, the reality of the situation can be much different and many women find that they are not in a position to receive this aid. <ref>[http://www.nbcnews.com/id/29706995/ns/health-pregnancy/t/giving-birth-fraught-danger-haiti/#.WLVr_BJ94y4 Giving Birth is Fraught with Danger in Haiti]</ref> In Haiti, there are only 201 nurse-midwives for a population of 10 million. NGO Midwives for Haiti are trying to fill this gap with much needed help to improve mother and child survival. As of 2013, For every 100,000 babies born in Haiti, 630 women die of pregnancy-related causes.<ref>[http://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/haiti/article1957834.html Women in Haiti embracing birth control despite taboos]</ref>
All women in Haiti are legally entitled to 6 weeks of maternity leave with 100% of their average pay to be compensated by their employer.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parental_leave Parental Leave]</ref> <ref>[http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_242615.pdf Maternity and paternity at work]</ref> However, the reality of the situation can be much different and many women find that they are not in a position to receive this aid. <ref>[http://www.nbcnews.com/id/29706995/ns/health-pregnancy/t/giving-birth-fraught-danger-haiti/#.WLVr_BJ94y4 Giving Birth is Fraught with Danger in Haiti]</ref> In Haiti, there are only 201 nurse-midwives for a population of 10 million. NGO Midwives for Haiti are trying to fill this gap with much needed help to improve mother and child survival. As of 2013, For every 100,000 babies born in Haiti, 630 women die of pregnancy-related causes.<ref>[http://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/haiti/article1957834.html Women in Haiti embracing birth control despite taboos]</ref>
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===Costs===
===Costs===
The cost for a stay in a Public hospital in Port-au-Prince can cost less than 1 USD a day. However, the patient is accountable to pay for all other expenses, such as syringes, medicine, transportation etc. Because of this, the price of giving birth in a public hospital is out of the question for most people since about 60% of Haiti lives beneath the poverty line.


The cost for a stay in a Public hospital in Port-au-Prince can cost less than 1 USD a day. However, the patient is accountable to pay for all other expenses, such as syringes, medicine, transportation etc. Because of this, the price of giving birth in a public hospital is out of the question for most people since about 60% of Haiti lives beneath the poverty line.
The cost for a stay in a Public hospital in Port-au-Prince can cost less than 1 USD a day. However, the patient is accountable to pay for all other expenses, such as syringes, medicine, transportation etc. Because of this, the price of giving birth in a public hospital is out of the question for most people since about 60% of Haiti lives beneath the poverty line.
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===Laws & Social Stigmas===
===Laws & Social Stigmas===
Haiti has some of the strictest laws regarding abortion in the world. There are no grounds in which abortions are legally permitted<ref>https://www.guttmacher.org/sites/default/files/factsheet/ib_aww-latin-america.pdf</ref> with the rare exception that it be necessary to save the mother's life, but even that is not guaranteed by law. Women often turn to highly unsafe and illegal underground abortion options. In large part, this is also due to the fact the contraception itself is not widely accepted, available or properly used. <ref>http://www.theoaklandpress.com/general-news/20131128/women-in-haiti-embracing-birth-control-despite-taboos</ref> Despite the fact that it is illegal, abortion is common in Haiti. <ref>http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/20644-a-look-at-abortion-in-haiti</ref> The number of post-abortion deaths in Haiti is unknown, but physicians say post-abortion complications are a leading cause of maternal death, with the health ministry estimating it could possibly account for as many as 30 percent of them. <ref>http://www.theoaklandpress.com/general-news/20131128/women-in-haiti-embracing-birth-control-despite-taboos</ref>
Haiti has some of the strictest laws regarding abortion in the world. There are no grounds in which abortions are legally permitted.<ref>[https://www.guttmacher.org/sites/default/files/factsheet/ib_aww-latin-america.pdf Latin America Fact Sheet]</ref> with the rare exception that it be necessary to save the mother's life, but even that is not guaranteed by law. Women often turn to highly unsafe and illegal underground abortion options. In large part, this is also due to the fact the contraception itself is not widely accepted, available or properly used. <ref>[http://www.theoaklandpress.com/general-news/20131128/women-in-haiti-embracing-birth-control-despite-taboos Women in Haiti Embracing Birth Control Despite Taboos]</ref> Despite the fact that it is illegal, abortion is common in Haiti. <ref>[http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/20644-a-look-at-abortion-in-haiti A Look at Abortion in Haiti]</ref> The number of post-abortion deaths in Haiti is unknown, but physicians say post-abortion complications are a leading cause of maternal death, with the health ministry estimating it could possibly account for as many as 30 percent of them. <ref>[http://www.theoaklandpress.com/general-news/20131128/women-in-haiti-embracing-birth-control-despite-taboos Women in Haiti Embracing Birth Control Despite Taboos]</ref>


===What to Get & Where to Get It===
===What to Get & Where to Get It===
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===Laws & Social Stigmas===
===Laws & Social Stigmas===
[[File:MSF157486.jpg|350px | thumb|right|frame|'''Line outside the Doctor Without Borders Clinic in Port-au-Prince''']]
[[File:MSF157486.jpg|350px | thumb|right|frame|'''Line outside the Doctor Without Borders Clinic in Port-au-Prince''']]
Rape and all other sexual assault goes largely unreported throughout Haiti due to the fact that many victims are subject to victim blaming by their communities. Many women also don't report such incidents due to fear of potential reprisals from their attackers. Haiti has a long history of of enforcing minor penalties for those convicted of rape and sexual assault, but this trend has been slowly changing since new legislation was passed in 2005. The new law now holds the attackers more accountable for their crime as well as guaranteeing free health coverage for sexual assault victims. The legal procedure for reporting a sexual assault to police is convoluted and difficult, further diminishing the number of reports made. Critics of Haitian police have called their response to reported rapes inadequate. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_violence_in_Haiti</ref>
Rape and all other sexual assault goes largely unreported throughout Haiti due to the fact that many victims are subject to victim blaming by their communities. Many women also don't report such incidents due to fear of potential reprisals from their attackers. Haiti has a long history of of enforcing minor penalties for those convicted of rape and sexual assault, but this trend has been slowly changing since new legislation was passed in 2005. The new law now holds the attackers more accountable for their crime as well as guaranteeing free health coverage for sexual assault victims. The legal procedure for reporting a sexual assault to police is convoluted and difficult, further diminishing the number of reports made. Critics of Haitian police have called their response to reported rapes inadequate. <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_violence_in_Haiti Sexual Violence in Haiti]</ref>


===What to Get & Where to Get It===
===What to Get & Where to Get It===
The Pran Men’m clinic (Creole for “Take My Hand”) is a facility offering the emergency medical assistance required during the 72 hours following an assault, along with longer-term medical care and psychological support. They are open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. <ref>http://edition.cnn.com/2016/12/08/world/cnnphotos-sexual-assault-haiti/</ref>
The Pran Men’m clinic (Creole for “Take My Hand”) is a facility offering the emergency medical assistance required during the 72 hours following an assault, along with longer-term medical care and psychological support. They are open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. <ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2016/12/08/world/cnnphotos-sexual-assault-haiti/ Sexual Assault in Haiti]</ref>


===Costs===
===Costs===
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==List of Additional Resources==
==List of Additional Resources==
[http://http://www.hpvcentre.net/statistics/reports/HTI_FS.pdf Haiti HPV Vaccine Status]<br>
 
[http://www.handsupforhaiti.org/about-us/ Hands Up For Haiti]<br>
* [https://www.profamilhaiti.org/ Association Pour la Promotion de la Famille Haitienne (PROFAMIL)]: "In a country with high rates of poverty and HIV, Profamil is a leading provider of sexual and reproductive health care and education in Haiti. In addition to its static clinics, it reaches marginalized populations through its mobile health units and network of health promoters." This is an affiliate of the International Planned Parenthood Federation. Email: info@profamilhaiti.org
[https://www.ippfwhr.org/en/country/haiti International Planned Parenthood Federation]<br>
* [http://http://www.hpvcentre.net/statistics/reports/HTI_FS.pdf Haiti HPV Vaccine Status]
[http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/country-region/haiti Doctors Without Borders - Haiti]<br>
* [http://www.handsupforhaiti.org/about-us/ Hands Up For Haiti]
[http://ganm.nursing.jhu.edu/partnership-not-aid-how-the-women-of-haiti-are-claiming-a-new-future-3/ GANM Blogs]<br>
* [http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/countrEy-region/haiti Doctors Without Borders - Haiti]
[http://www.expat.com/en/business/central-america/haiti/6_health/pharmacies/ Expat Pharmacy List]<br>
* [http://ganm.nursing.jhu.edu/partnership-not-aid-how-the-women-of-haiti-are-claiming-a-new-future-3/ GANM Blogs]
[http://www.msf.ca/en/country-region/haiti MSF]<br>
* [http://www.expat.com/en/business/central-america/haiti/6_health/pharmacies/ Expat Pharmacy List]
[http://www.scms.pfscm.org/scms SCMS (Global Access to HIV/AIDS Medication]<br>
* [http://www.msf.ca/en/country-region/haiti MSF]
[http://iwhp.sogc.org/index.php?page=171 International Women's Health Program (Haiti)]
* [http://www.scms.pfscm.org/scms SCMS (Global Access to HIV/AIDS Medication]
* [http://iwhp.sogc.org/index.php?page=171 International Women's Health Program (Haiti)]


==References==
==References==
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