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Shanghai: Difference between revisions
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→Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs/STDs)
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===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ||
' | While many people in China have not had an STD test, all foreigners who plan to work in China (under the Z Visa, R Visa, etc.) must take an STD test. Here's an [http://www.puruo.com/en/cn/news/detail_1522.htm example] of the final medical certificate you may receive when applying for a visa. If someone is found to have HIV/AIDS, syphilis or gonorrhea through their tests, their STI status must be reported to the national surveillance system, as stated by the Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases. This data is used to monitor STI rates. Since 2010, China no longer restricts HIV+ people from visiting the country. But it is difficult to completely verify this information, so if you are HIV+, according to HIVTravel: "do not declare your status on the visa application form. Historically, people declaring their status truthfully have been denied entry." Furthermore, you may want to look into anonymous testing facilities or self-testing kits. If you are found to be HIV+, you will not be allowed to attain any residence or work permits in China. However, if you are infected with other STIs, like chlamydia or herpes, your status will probably not be reported. See a discussion [http://www.shanghaiexpat.com/phpbbforum/picked-up-herpes-here-in-china-t55634.html here] about herpes and status reporting in China. Also, check out this [http://www.shanghaiexpat.com/phpbbforum/z-work-visa-res-permits-issues-start-here-t88393-180.html general discussion] about medical checkups and Chinese residence/work permits/ | ||
In the 1950s, China launched mass campaigns to reduce STI rates and prostitution. However, Chinese society began to liberalize in the 1980s, bringing about urban development, increased nightlife entertainment, and increased sexual activity outside of marriage. During this period, STI rates grew. For example, syphilis, which had been eliminated in the 1960s in China, came back -- and, as found in 2011, it was one of the most common STIs in China.<ref>[http://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1741-7015-9-111 The epidemic of sexually transmitted infections in China: implications for control and future perspectives]</ref> Furthermore, the estimated number of people living with HIV in China rose from 350,000 in 2001 to 770,000 in 2009. Overall, HIV/AIDS prevalence is low in China. But certain areas are more heavily affected and, in 2009, AIDS became the leading cause of death among infectious diseases.<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4316807/ Reducing STD/HIV stigmatizing attitudes through community popular opinion leaders in Chinese markets]</ref> | Historically, Chinese STI rates have grown in the last few decades. In the 1950s, China launched mass campaigns to reduce STI rates and prostitution. However, Chinese society began to liberalize in the 1980s, bringing about urban development, increased nightlife entertainment, and increased sexual activity outside of marriage. During this period, STI rates grew. For example, syphilis, which had been eliminated in the 1960s in China, came back -- and, as found in 2011, it was one of the most common STIs in China.<ref>[http://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1741-7015-9-111 The epidemic of sexually transmitted infections in China: implications for control and future perspectives]</ref> Furthermore, the estimated number of people living with HIV in China rose from 350,000 in 2001 to 770,000 in 2009. Overall, HIV/AIDS prevalence is low in China. But certain areas are more heavily affected and, in 2009, AIDS became the leading cause of death among infectious diseases.<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4316807/ Reducing STD/HIV stigmatizing attitudes through community popular opinion leaders in Chinese markets]</ref> | ||
Chlamydia is the most common bacterial STI in China today. In 1999-2000, a study found that 2.1% of men and 2.6% of women were infected. The highest rates were found among female sex workers (infection rate of 16-18%). As for gonorrhea, while it is common for high-risk groups, rates have gone down over the past decade. Some studies show especially high herpes rates for pregnant women.<ref>[http://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1741-7015-9-111 The epidemic of sexually transmitted infections in China: implications for control and future perspectives]</ref> | Chlamydia is the most common bacterial STI in China today. In 1999-2000, a study found that 2.1% of men and 2.6% of women were infected. The highest rates were found among female sex workers (infection rate of 16-18%). As for gonorrhea, while it is common for high-risk groups, rates have gone down over the past decade. Some studies show especially high herpes rates for pregnant women.<ref>[http://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1741-7015-9-111 The epidemic of sexually transmitted infections in China: implications for control and future perspectives]</ref> | ||
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* [http://www.shanghai.ufh.com.cn/ United Family Hospital]: Staff speak English, Japanese, German, Portuguese and French, depending on locationIt. Costs vary but can be up to 1000 RMB for a consultation,RMB400-500/chlamydia; RMB300/syphilis; RMB300-400/gonnoreah; RMB600/HIV; RMB100/hepatitis B; RMB800/herpes (2013).<ref>[http://www.cityweekend.com.cn/shanghai/article/guide-to-sti-testing-shanghai%E2%80%99s-hospitals A Guide to STI Testing at Shanghai’s Hospitals]</ref> | * [http://www.shanghai.ufh.com.cn/ United Family Hospital]: Staff speak English, Japanese, German, Portuguese and French, depending on locationIt. Costs vary but can be up to 1000 RMB for a consultation,RMB400-500/chlamydia; RMB300/syphilis; RMB300-400/gonnoreah; RMB600/HIV; RMB100/hepatitis B; RMB800/herpes (2013).<ref>[http://www.cityweekend.com.cn/shanghai/article/guide-to-sti-testing-shanghai%E2%80%99s-hospitals A Guide to STI Testing at Shanghai’s Hospitals]</ref> | ||
[http://en.renai.cn/news/122.html Ren'ai Hospital VIP ward]: "Renai hospital is a member hospital of Bo Ai medical group... the largest privately-owned Chinese healthcare group with 26 medical facilities across Chinese mainland... Renai hospital is the first private hospital, established in Shanghai in 2001. Renai pioneered the introduction of personalized care to healthcare service sector... The Renai International Medical Center, offers direct billing services with international and local insurance companies for policy holders. It is located in the bustling city center, Xu Jia Hui area, where there is convenient transportation from every corner of Shanghai." Appointment Center : (8621)54893781 Appointment Center : 64688888-801/810, 24hr ER Hotline : 15021633821, Address: No.127, Caoxi Rd. Xuhui District. Shanghai 200235 P.R.C | [http://en.renai.cn/news/122.html Ren'ai Hospital VIP ward]: "Renai hospital is a member hospital of Bo Ai medical group... the largest privately-owned Chinese healthcare group with 26 medical facilities across Chinese mainland... Renai hospital is the first private hospital, established in Shanghai in 2001. Renai pioneered the introduction of personalized care to healthcare service sector... The Renai International Medical Center, offers direct billing services with international and local insurance companies for policy holders. It is located in the bustling city center, Xu Jia Hui area, where there is convenient transportation from every corner of Shanghai." Appointment Center : (8621)54893781 Appointment Center : 64688888-801/810, 24hr ER Hotline : 15021633821, Address: No.127, Caoxi Rd. Xuhui District. Shanghai 200235 P.R.C | ||
* [http://www.www.sithc.com Shanghai International Travel Healthcare Center]: This is for foreigners. Address: 15 Jinbang Lu, Changning district. Contact: 021-6268-6171 (main line); 021-6268-8851 (physical examination for foreigners); 021-6268-5072 (vaccination for foreigners); fax: 021-6268-3088. Hours: No specific hours; make an appointment first., Fees: 640 yuan; 470 yuan (students). Additional fees, such as delivery fees, may apply. | |||
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