10,963
edits
Gynopedia needs your support! Please consider contributing content, translating a page, or making a donation today. With your support, we can sustain and expand the website. Gynopedia has no corporate sponsors or advertisers. Your support is crucial and deeply appreciated.
Chile: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
no edit summary
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 3: | Line 3: | ||
'''OVERVIEW''' | '''OVERVIEW''' | ||
Historically, Chilean society has been considered a conservative society.<ref>[https://www.csmonitor.com/1996/1129/112996.intl.intl.6.html In Conservative Chile, What You See Isn't What You Get]</ref> For example, divorce was only legalized in 2004 and abortion is not available upon request. This cultural conservatism is due to many factors, including decades of military dictatorship and the influence of the Catholic Church. The majority of the populace live in urban centers (88%), and they identify as Roman Catholic (67%), or as Evangelical or Protestant (16%).<ref name="cia worldfactbook_chile">[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ci.html CIA World Factbook - Chile]</ref> However, Chile is a country in transition, and progressive social mores are becoming more mainstream.<ref>[https://www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/articles/2017-01-23/catholic-chile-is-becoming-more-progressive Chile’s Shifting Social Mores]</ref> For this reason, Chilean sexual and reproductive health is in a state of transition. | |||
You can purchase birth control without a prescription. Emergency contraception (the morning after pill) has been a hotly debated political issue, but it is available for purchase (and, as of 2015, no prescription is required). There are no travel or residency restrictions related to HIV status, and you can get STI tests at public or private facilities. There is | In Chile, you will find a range of health care options. You can purchase birth control without a prescription. Emergency contraception (the morning after pill) has been a hotly debated political issue, but it is available for purchase (and, as of 2015, no prescription is required). There are no travel or residency restrictions related to HIV status, and you can get STI tests at public or private facilities. There is currently no known PrEP program in Chile but there is an HPV vaccination program. You can find pads, tampons and menstrual cups in Santiago (there is a specific menstrual cup seller that we list in the "Menstruation" section). For decades, Chile had one of the strictest abortion laws in the world, with abortion being completely illegal, but these laws are beginning to see liberalization in 2017 (see "Abortion" section below for details). Homosexuality is legal, and gay civil unions are recognized by the government.<ref>[https://www.equaldex.com/region/chile Equaldex - Chile]</ref> | ||
==Contraception (Birth Control)== | ==Contraception (Birth Control)== | ||
| Line 47: | Line 47: | ||
===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ||
There are not travel or residency restrictions tied to HIV status in Chile. This means that, if you're a foreigner and you plan to travel to Chile, you will not be asked about your HIV status upon entry in the country. You can also legally carry antiretroviral medication for your personal use.<ref>[http://www.hivtravel.org/Default.aspx?PageId=143&CountryId=47 CHILE - REGULATIONS ON ENTRY, STAY AND RESIDENCE FOR PLHIV]</ref> | |||
In recent years, Chile has seen growth in its HIV infection rate, particularly among young people. The HIV infection rate increased by 35% and the AIDS-related death rate increased by 34% between 2010-2016.<ref name="unaids_chile">[http://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/chile UNAIDS - Chile]</ref> Health experts point to many reasons why, including a generally conservative culture, lack of proper education or attention paid to HIV, and a lack of public policies to target early detection.<ref name="usnews_hivchile">[https://www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/articles/2017-09-14/chile-battles-an-alarmingly-high-rate-of-new-hiv-infections Young, Carefree and HIV-Positive]</ref> It is estimated that about 0.6% of the adult population is living with HIV, and that 70% of people living with HIV know their status. Furthermore, it is believed that about 59% of children and adults who are HIV-positive are receiving ART.<ref name="unaids_chile" /> | |||
Regarding HPV, Chile has a national vaccination program. As the HPV Information Centre reports, "Current estimates indicate that every year 1441 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer and 734 die from the disease. Cervical cancer ranks as the 4th most frequent cancer among women in Chile and the 2nd most frequent cancer among women between 15 and 44 years of age. About 2.5% of women in the general population are estimated to harbour cervical HPV-16/18 infection at a given time, and 85.7% of invasive cervical cancers are attributed to HPVs 16 or 18."<ref>[http://www.hpvcentre.net/statistics/reports/CHL_FS.pdf Chile - Human Papillomavirus and Related Cancers, Fact Sheet 2016]</ref> | Regarding HPV, Chile has a national vaccination program. As the HPV Information Centre reports, "Current estimates indicate that every year 1441 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer and 734 die from the disease. Cervical cancer ranks as the 4th most frequent cancer among women in Chile and the 2nd most frequent cancer among women between 15 and 44 years of age. About 2.5% of women in the general population are estimated to harbour cervical HPV-16/18 infection at a given time, and 85.7% of invasive cervical cancers are attributed to HPVs 16 or 18."<ref>[http://www.hpvcentre.net/statistics/reports/CHL_FS.pdf Chile - Human Papillomavirus and Related Cancers, Fact Sheet 2016]</ref> | ||
| Line 57: | Line 59: | ||
====Support==== | ====Support==== | ||
* The government provides free antiretroviral therapy for Chilean citizens.<ref name="usnews_hivchile" /> | |||
* [http://www.asosida.cl Asamblea de Organizaciones Sociales y ONG's con trabajo en VIH/SIDA - ASOSIDA]: Address: San Ignacio N° 165, Santiago, Telephone: +5626720000, Fax: +5626720000. Email: asambleavih@gmail.com | * [http://www.asosida.cl Asamblea de Organizaciones Sociales y ONG's con trabajo en VIH/SIDA - ASOSIDA]: Address: San Ignacio N° 165, Santiago, Telephone: +5626720000, Fax: +5626720000. Email: asambleavih@gmail.com | ||
* [http://www.caletasur.cl Corporación Caleta Sur]: Address: Buenaventura 03906, Lo Espejo, Santiago. Telephone: +56 2 5640388. Email: caletasur@caletasur.cl | * [http://www.caletasur.cl Corporación Caleta Sur]: Address: Buenaventura 03906, Lo Espejo, Santiago. Telephone: +56 2 5640388. Email: caletasur@caletasur.cl | ||
| Line 102: | Line 105: | ||
===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ||
In Chile, women are entitled to 6 weeks of maternity leave before childbirth and 12 weeks after childbirth. The mother may also choose to take an additional 12 weeks off or 18 weeks of half-day work following the expiration of the initial 12 weeks.<ref>[https://www.globalization-partners.com/globalpedia/chile-employer-of-record/ Chile – Employer of Record]</ref> | |||
The maternal mortality rate is 22 deaths per 100,000 live births. This rate is roughly comparable to [[Moldova]] and [[Brunei]].<ref name="cia worldfactbook_chile" /> | |||
===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ||
| Line 144: | Line 151: | ||
* [http://www.aprofa.cl/ APROFA]: "APROFA works to ensure access to sexual and reproductive health care as a fundamental human right. Founded in 1965, APROFA is a pioneer of family planning in Chile and was the first organization in the country to focus on underserved and impoverished areas. The majority of its clients receive free care, including contraception, gynecological exams, and sexual health counseling." Central Office Address: Ramón Ángel Jara 450. Santiago Centro - Chile. Phone: +56 2 22645600. Email: aprofa@aprofa.cl | * [http://www.aprofa.cl/ APROFA]: "APROFA works to ensure access to sexual and reproductive health care as a fundamental human right. Founded in 1965, APROFA is a pioneer of family planning in Chile and was the first organization in the country to focus on underserved and impoverished areas. The majority of its clients receive free care, including contraception, gynecological exams, and sexual health counseling." Central Office Address: Ramón Ángel Jara 450. Santiago Centro - Chile. Phone: +56 2 22645600. Email: aprofa@aprofa.cl | ||
* [http://mileschile.cl/en/ | * * [http://mileschile.cl/en/ Miles Chile]: "MILES is a non-profit organization dedicated to generating change in policies and legislation related to sexual and reproductive health and rights through advocacy." Address: Ernesto Pinto Lagarrigue 183, Recoleta, Santiago. Phone: +56 2 2735 7539. Contact us at: comunicaciones@mileschile.cl | ||
* [http://www.movilh.cl/ MOVIH Chile – Movimiento de Integración y Liberación Homosexual]: This is a human rights and advocacy group in Chile that focuses on LGBTQ issues. It was founded in 1991. Address: Coquimbo 1410, Santiago Centro, Chile. Postal Code 833-0967. Phone: +56226714855. Email: movilh@gmail.com. | * [http://www.movilh.cl/ MOVIH Chile – Movimiento de Integración y Liberación Homosexual]: This is a human rights and advocacy group in Chile that focuses on LGBTQ issues. It was founded in 1991. Address: Coquimbo 1410, Santiago Centro, Chile. Postal Code 833-0967. Phone: +56226714855. Email: movilh@gmail.com. | ||