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Shanghai: Difference between revisions
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===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ||
While many people in China have not had an STD test, all foreigners who plan to work in China (under the Z Visa, R Visa, etc.) must take an STD test. Here's an [http://www.puruo.com/en/cn/news/detail_1522.htm example] of the final medical certificate you may receive when applying for a visa. If someone is found to have HIV/AIDS, syphilis or gonorrhea through their tests, their STI status must be reported to the national surveillance system, as stated by the Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases. This data is used to monitor STI rates. Since 2010, China no longer restricts HIV+ people from visiting the country. But it is difficult to completely verify this information, so if you are HIV+, according to HIVTravel: "do not declare your status on the visa application form. Historically, people declaring their status truthfully have been denied entry." Furthermore, you may want to look into anonymous testing facilities or self-testing kits. If you are found to be HIV+, you will not be allowed to attain any residence or work permits in China. However, if you are infected with other STIs, like chlamydia or herpes, your status will probably not be reported. See a discussion [http://www.shanghaiexpat.com/phpbbforum/picked-up-herpes-here-in-china-t55634.html here] about herpes and status reporting in China. Also, check out this [http://www.shanghaiexpat.com/phpbbforum/z-work-visa-res-permits-issues-start-here-t88393-180.html general discussion] about medical checkups and Chinese residence/work permits | While many people in China have not had an STD test, all foreigners who plan to work in China (under the Z Visa, R Visa, etc.) must take an STD test. Here's an [http://www.puruo.com/en/cn/news/detail_1522.htm example] of the final medical certificate you may receive when applying for a visa. If someone is found to have HIV/AIDS, syphilis or gonorrhea through their tests, their STI status must be reported to the national surveillance system, as stated by the Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases. This data is used to monitor STI rates. Since 2010, China no longer restricts HIV+ people from visiting the country. But it is difficult to completely verify this information, so if you are HIV+, according to HIVTravel: "do not declare your status on the visa application form. Historically, people declaring their status truthfully have been denied entry." Furthermore, you may want to look into anonymous testing facilities or self-testing kits. If you are found to be HIV+, you will not be allowed to attain any residence or work permits in China. However, if you are infected with other STIs, like chlamydia or herpes, your status will probably not be reported. See a discussion [http://www.shanghaiexpat.com/phpbbforum/picked-up-herpes-here-in-china-t55634.html here] about herpes and status reporting in China. Also, check out this [http://www.shanghaiexpat.com/phpbbforum/z-work-visa-res-permits-issues-start-here-t88393-180.html general discussion] about medical checkups and Chinese residence/work permits. | ||
Historically, Chinese STI rates have grown in the last few decades. In the 1950s, China launched mass campaigns to reduce STI rates and prostitution. However, Chinese society began to liberalize in the 1980s, bringing about urban development, increased nightlife entertainment, and increased sexual activity outside of marriage. During this period, STI rates grew. For example, syphilis, which had been eliminated in the 1960s in China, came back -- and, as found in 2011, it was one of the most common STIs in China.<ref>[http://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1741-7015-9-111 The epidemic of sexually transmitted infections in China: implications for control and future perspectives]</ref> Furthermore, the estimated number of people living with HIV in China rose from 350,000 in 2001 to 770,000 in 2009. Overall, HIV/AIDS prevalence is low in China. But certain areas are more heavily affected and, in 2009, AIDS became the leading cause of death among infectious diseases.<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4316807/ Reducing STD/HIV stigmatizing attitudes through community popular opinion leaders in Chinese markets]</ref> | Historically, Chinese STI rates have grown in the last few decades. In the 1950s, China launched mass campaigns to reduce STI rates and prostitution. However, Chinese society began to liberalize in the 1980s, bringing about urban development, increased nightlife entertainment, and increased sexual activity outside of marriage. During this period, STI rates grew. For example, syphilis, which had been eliminated in the 1960s in China, came back -- and, as found in 2011, it was one of the most common STIs in China.<ref>[http://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1741-7015-9-111 The epidemic of sexually transmitted infections in China: implications for control and future perspectives]</ref> Furthermore, the estimated number of people living with HIV in China rose from 350,000 in 2001 to 770,000 in 2009. Overall, HIV/AIDS prevalence is low in China. But certain areas are more heavily affected and, in 2009, AIDS became the leading cause of death among infectious diseases.<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4316807/ Reducing STD/HIV stigmatizing attitudes through community popular opinion leaders in Chinese markets]</ref> | ||