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Khartoum: Difference between revisions
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'''OVERVIEW''' | '''OVERVIEW''' | ||
In November 2019, Sudan repealed the "public order laws," which were a series of legal and moral rules that heavily restricted women in the country. Under these laws, women did not have the freedom to choose how to dress, who to talk to, or where they could work.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50596805 Sudan crisis: Women praise end of strict public order law]</ref> | In November 2019, Sudan repealed the "public order laws," which were a series of legal and moral rules that heavily restricted women in the country. Under these laws, women did not have the freedom to choose how to dress, who to talk to, or where they could work.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50596805 Sudan crisis: Women praise end of strict public order law]</ref> In 2020, the country officially banned female genital cutting (FGC), also known as female genital mutilation (FGM).<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-52502489 Sudan criminalises female genital mutilation (FGM)]</ref> | ||
==Contraception (Birth Control)== | ==Contraception (Birth Control)== | ||
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In Sudan, you can purchase condoms and birth control pills at pharmacies without a prescription.<ref>[http://ocsotc.org/wp-content/uploads/worldmap/worldmap.html Global Oral Contraception Availability]</ref> <ref>[http://freethepill.org/where-on-earth/ Free the Pill: Where on Earth?]</ref> However, for other forms of birth control, such as implants, injectables, and IUDs, you may need to directly visit a hospital or clinic to obtain them. | In Sudan, you can purchase condoms and birth control pills at pharmacies without a prescription.<ref>[http://ocsotc.org/wp-content/uploads/worldmap/worldmap.html Global Oral Contraception Availability]</ref> <ref>[http://freethepill.org/where-on-earth/ Free the Pill: Where on Earth?]</ref> However, for other forms of birth control, such as implants, injectables, and IUDs, you may need to directly visit a hospital or clinic to obtain them. | ||
The overall rate of modern contraceptive methods in Sudan remains low. While it has certainly increased in the last few decades— jumping from 4% in the late 1970s to 9% in 2012,<ref name="guardian_sudanFGM">[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/feb/15/fgm-sudan-female-genital-mutilation-spreading FGM spreading to minority groups in Sudan, say campaigners]</ref> and a little under 10% by 2019— the rate of adoption has been very slow, especially in rural areas. This can be partially attributed to lack of education regarding modern contraceptive methods and, for rural women, increased difficulty in obtaining contraception. Furthermore, religion, cultural taboos and traditional gender roles can play a large part in women's decision-making. Sudan is a primarily Muslim country (estimated at 97% Muslim), and many women are heavily influenced by their husbands, religious clerics, or local communities. It's also important to remember that, in Sudan, about 87%-90% of women have undergone female genital mutilation (FGM).<ref name="guardian_sudanFGM" /> | The overall rate of modern contraceptive methods in Sudan remains low. While it has certainly increased in the last few decades— jumping from 4% in the late 1970s to 9% in 2012,<ref name="guardian_sudanFGM">[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/feb/15/fgm-sudan-female-genital-mutilation-spreading FGM spreading to minority groups in Sudan, say campaigners]</ref> and a little under 10% by 2019— the rate of adoption has been very slow, especially in rural areas. This can be partially attributed to lack of education regarding modern contraceptive methods and, for rural women, increased difficulty in obtaining contraception. Furthermore, religion, cultural taboos and traditional gender roles can play a large part in women's decision-making. Sudan is a primarily Muslim country (estimated at 97% Muslim), and many women are heavily influenced by their husbands, religious clerics, or local communities. It's also important to remember that, in Sudan, about 87%-90% of women have undergone female genital mutilation (FGM).<ref name="guardian_sudanFGM" /> While the country officially banned FGC in 2020, the actual enforcement of such laws is yet to be determined. | ||
In 2014, the most common forms of contraception among Sudanese women (who were married/in unions and between 15-45 years old) were pills (7% of women) and injectables (about 1% of women). Less than 1% of women used IUDs and implants. Condoms were very uncommonly used. Traditional methods were also not very common, with less than 1% of women using the rhythm method or other traditional methods.<ref name=un2019_sudan>[https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/family/ContraceptiveUseByMethodDataBooklet2019.pdf United Nations: Contraceptive Use By Method DataBooklet 2019]</ref> These numbers are generally consistent with findings in a 2007 study, which found that most women in Sudan (who used modern contraceptive methods) used the pill, IUD, and injectables, with very low usage of condoms. Some traditional methods, including rhythm, withdrawal, and breastfeeding, were also used by women in 2007. | In 2014, the most common forms of contraception among Sudanese women (who were married/in unions and between 15-45 years old) were pills (7% of women) and injectables (about 1% of women). Less than 1% of women used IUDs and implants. Condoms were very uncommonly used. Traditional methods were also not very common, with less than 1% of women using the rhythm method or other traditional methods.<ref name=un2019_sudan>[https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/family/ContraceptiveUseByMethodDataBooklet2019.pdf United Nations: Contraceptive Use By Method DataBooklet 2019]</ref> These numbers are generally consistent with findings in a 2007 study, which found that most women in Sudan (who used modern contraceptive methods) used the pill, IUD, and injectables, with very low usage of condoms. Some traditional methods, including rhythm, withdrawal, and breastfeeding, were also used by women in 2007. | ||