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Khartoum: Difference between revisions
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'''OVERVIEW''' | '''OVERVIEW''' | ||
In November 2019, Sudan repealed the "public order laws," which were a series of legal and moral rules that heavily restricted women in the country. Under these laws, women did not have the freedom to choose how to dress, who to talk to, or where they could work.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50596805 Sudan crisis: Women praise end of strict public order law]</ref> In 2020, the country officially banned female genital cutting (FGC), also known as female genital mutilation (FGM).<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-52502489 Sudan criminalises female genital mutilation (FGM)]</ref> | |||
==Contraception (Birth Control)== | ==Contraception (Birth Control)== | ||
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In Sudan, you can purchase condoms and birth control pills at pharmacies without a prescription.<ref>[http://ocsotc.org/wp-content/uploads/worldmap/worldmap.html Global Oral Contraception Availability]</ref> <ref>[http://freethepill.org/where-on-earth/ Free the Pill: Where on Earth?]</ref> However, for other forms of birth control, such as implants, injectables, and IUDs, you may need to directly visit a hospital or clinic to obtain them. | In Sudan, you can purchase condoms and birth control pills at pharmacies without a prescription.<ref>[http://ocsotc.org/wp-content/uploads/worldmap/worldmap.html Global Oral Contraception Availability]</ref> <ref>[http://freethepill.org/where-on-earth/ Free the Pill: Where on Earth?]</ref> However, for other forms of birth control, such as implants, injectables, and IUDs, you may need to directly visit a hospital or clinic to obtain them. | ||
The overall rate of modern contraceptive methods in Sudan remains low. While it has certainly increased in the last few | The overall rate of modern contraceptive methods in Sudan remains low. While it has certainly increased in the last few decades— jumping from 4% in the late 1970s to 9% in 2012,<ref name="guardian_sudanFGM">[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/feb/15/fgm-sudan-female-genital-mutilation-spreading FGM spreading to minority groups in Sudan, say campaigners]</ref> and a little under 10% by 2019— the rate of adoption has been very slow, especially in rural areas. This can be partially attributed to lack of education regarding modern contraceptive methods and, for rural women, increased difficulty in obtaining contraception. Furthermore, religion, cultural taboos and traditional gender roles can play a large part in women's decision-making. Sudan is a primarily Muslim country (estimated at 97% Muslim), and many women are heavily influenced by their husbands, religious clerics, or local communities. It's also important to remember that, in Sudan, about 87%-90% of women have undergone female genital mutilation (FGM).<ref name="guardian_sudanFGM" /> While the country officially banned FGC in 2020, the actual enforcement of such laws is yet to be determined. | ||
In 2014, the most common forms of contraception among Sudanese women (who were married/in unions and between 15-45 years old) were pills (7% of women) and injectables (about 1% of women). Less than 1% of women used IUDs and implants. Condoms were very uncommonly used. Traditional methods were also not very common, with less than 1% of women using the rhythm method or other traditional methods.<ref name=un2019_sudan>[https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/family/ContraceptiveUseByMethodDataBooklet2019.pdf United Nations: Contraceptive Use By Method DataBooklet 2019]</ref> These numbers are generally consistent with findings in a 2007 study, which found that most women in Sudan (who used modern contraceptive methods) used the pill, IUD, and injectables, with very low usage of condoms. Some traditional methods, including rhythm, withdrawal, and breastfeeding, were also used by women in 2007. | |||
The history of modern family planning in Sudan goes back to 1965, when the Sunday Family Planning Association was founded. This was followed by the establishment of the Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning Project by the Ministry of Health in 1975. Later, in 1985, family planning services were integrated under the Primary Health Care System. In 2010, contraceptive implants were adopted by FMH, which are primarily used in Khartoum.<ref>[http://www.slideshare.net/RCRU/availability-of-family-planning-methods-in-sudan Description of Available Contraceptive Methods in Sudan]</ref> | The history of modern family planning in Sudan goes back to 1965, when the Sunday Family Planning Association was founded. This was followed by the establishment of the Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning Project by the Ministry of Health in 1975. Later, in 1985, family planning services were integrated under the Primary Health Care System. In 2010, contraceptive implants were adopted by FMH, which are primarily used in Khartoum.<ref>[http://www.slideshare.net/RCRU/availability-of-family-planning-methods-in-sudan Description of Available Contraceptive Methods in Sudan]</ref> | ||
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===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ||
* [https://www.ippf.org/about-us/member-associations/sudan Sudan Family Planning Association]: They have 11 permanent clinics and 4 mobile units, and the organization works in conjunction with 62 associated operations, 60 private physicians, and over 90 other agencies. | |||
* Dr. Hashim Ali Ahmed: This obstetrician/gynecologist operates out of [http://fedailhospital.com/ Fedail Hospital] & was included in a list of doctors provided by the US Embassy. They operate out of a private hospital, so costs will be more expensive than a public hospital, clinic, or NGO. Tel: 0183-766661 | |||
===Costs=== | ===Costs=== | ||
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===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ===Laws & Social Stigmas=== | ||
In Sudan, abortion is only permitted when pregnancy endangers the life of the woman,<ref>[https://reproductiverights.org/worldabortionlaws?country=SDN Center for Reproductive Rights: The World's Abortion Laws]</ref> or if the pregnancy has been caused by rape or incest. It is not available upon request.<ref name="ww_abortionlawsudan">[https://www.womenonwaves.org/en/page/5025/abortion-law-sudan Abortion law Sudan]</ref> | |||
===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ===What to Get & Where to Get It=== | ||
* You may be able to get the abortion pill via mail from Women on Waves. Check out this [https://www.womenonwaves.org/en/page/6104/how-to-do-an-abortion-with-pills link] for more details. | |||
* "Misoprostol (one part of the abortion pill) is registered for the use of PPH." <ref name="ww_abortionlawsudan" /> | |||
* You can contact Sudan Family Planning Association (SFPA ) to find out your options. Tel: +249249(183) 227 872 , 249(183) 227 874 , 249(183) 227 875 | |||
===Costs=== | ===Costs=== | ||
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* [http://www.phi.edu.sd/ Public Health Institute - Sudan] | * [http://www.phi.edu.sd/ Public Health Institute - Sudan] | ||
* [https://www.ippf.org/about-us/member-associations/sudan Sudan Family Planning Association]: "The Sudan Family Planning Association (SFPA) was established in 1965 by pioneers in obstetrics and gynaecology in response to increases in maternal, neonatal and infant mortality and morbidity. As the statistics show, Sudan is a country in great need of frontline sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services. Advocacy, and undertaking information, education and communication (IEC) programmes are critical." | * [https://www.ippf.org/about-us/member-associations/sudan Sudan Family Planning Association]: "The Sudan Family Planning Association (SFPA) was established in 1965 by pioneers in obstetrics and gynaecology in response to increases in maternal, neonatal and infant mortality and morbidity. As the statistics show, Sudan is a country in great need of frontline sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services. Advocacy, and undertaking information, education and communication (IEC) programmes are critical." | ||
* [https://www.ippf.org/countries/sudan International Planned Parenthood Foundation: Sudan]: You can find articles and resources on women's health care in Sudan here. | |||
* [https://www.familyplanning2020.org/sudan Sudan 2020]: Information on sexual and reproductive health data and trends in Sudan. | |||
* [https://www.equaldex.com/region/sudan Equaldex Sudan]: Click here to learn about LGBTQ rights and laws in Sudan. It is important to understand that homosexuality is illegal in Sudan. | * [https://www.equaldex.com/region/sudan Equaldex Sudan]: Click here to learn about LGBTQ rights and laws in Sudan. It is important to understand that homosexuality is illegal in Sudan. | ||